Surface-State Electrical Conductivity at a Metal-Insulator Transition On Silicon

electron diffraction inultrahigh vacuum.We have succeeded, for the first time, in detecting directly a surface metal-insulatortransition around 130 K as a dramatic change of electrical conductivity through the surface states. Anenergy gap of 300 meVat the low-temperature phase, influences of defects and phase locking betweenthe neighboring charge-density-wave chains were elucidated from the temperature dependence ofconductivity.

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