Moving digital libraries into the student learning space: The GetSmart experience

The GetSmart system was built to support theoretically sound learning processes in a digital library environment by integrating course management, digital library, and concept mapping components to support a constructivist, six-step, information search process. In the fall of 2002 more than 100 students created 1400 concept maps as part of selected computing classes offered at the University of Arizona and Virginia Tech. Those students conducted searches, obtained course information, created concept maps, collaborated in acquiring knowledge, and presented their knowledge representations. This article connects the design elements of the GetSmart system to targeted concept-map-based learning processes, describes our system and research testbed, and analyzes our system usage logs. Results suggest that students did in fact use the tools in an integrated fashion, combining knowledge representation and search activities. After concept mapping was included in the curriculum, we observed improvement in students' online quiz scores. Further, we observed that students in groups collaboratively constructed concept maps with multiple group members viewing and updating map details.

[1]  Carol Collier Kuhlthau,et al.  Learning in Digital Libraries: An Information Search Process Approach , 1997, Libr. Trends.

[2]  Scott Hamilton Thinking Outside the Box at IHMC , 2001, Computer.

[3]  Edward A. Fox,et al.  Enhancing usability in CITIDEL: multimodal, multilingual, and interactive visualization interfaces , 2004, Proceedings of the 2004 Joint ACM/IEEE Conference on Digital Libraries, 2004..

[4]  Carl Lagoze,et al.  Core services in the architecture of the national science digital library (NSDL) , 2002, JCDL '02.

[5]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  Groupware concept mapping techniques , 1994, SIGDOC '94.

[6]  J. Novak,et al.  Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View , 1969 .

[7]  Joseph D. Novak,et al.  Learning creating and using knowledge: Concept maps as facilitative tools , 1998 .

[8]  Hsinchun Chen,et al.  Matching knowledge elements in concept maps using a similarity flooding algorithm , 2006, Decis. Support Syst..

[9]  Stephen W Smoliar Review of "Conceptual Structures: Information Processing in Mind and Machine.". , 1987 .

[10]  John F. Sowa,et al.  Conceptual Structures: Information Processing in Mind and Machine , 1983 .

[11]  Donald F. Dansereau,et al.  Enhancing the recall of text: Knowledge mapping training promotes implicit transfer. , 1998 .

[12]  H. Suen,et al.  Concept Map Assessment of Classroom Learning: Reliability, Validity, and Logistical Practicality , 1999 .

[13]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  Class library implementation of an open architecture knowledge support system , 1994, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[14]  W. M. Reed,et al.  The influence of learner differences on the construction of hypermedia concepts: a case study , 1999 .

[15]  Edward A. Fox,et al.  Convergence of knowledge management and e-learning: the GetSmart experience , 2003, 2003 Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, 2003. Proceedings..

[16]  M. Honey,et al.  Perspectives on Technology and Education Research: Lessons from the Past and Present , 2000 .

[17]  Sei-Wang Chen,et al.  Attributed concept maps: fuzzy integration and fuzzy matching , 2001, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B.

[18]  Ron Oliver,et al.  Exploring strategies for online teaching and learning , 1999 .

[19]  D. Dansereau,et al.  A Convergent Paradigm for Examining Knowledge Mapping as a Learning Strategy , 1991 .

[20]  Joseph D. Novak,et al.  Learning How to Learn , 1984 .

[21]  Donald F. Dansereau,et al.  Multirelational semantic maps , 1989 .

[22]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  Concept maps as hypermedia components , 1995, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[23]  Angela M. O'Donnell,et al.  Knowledge Maps as Scaffolds for Cognitive Processing , 2002 .

[24]  Manuel A. Pérez-Quiñones,et al.  Enhancing usability in CITIDEL: multimodal, multilingual, and interactive visualization interfaces , 2004, Proceedings of the 2004 Joint ACM/IEEE Conference on Digital Libraries, 2004..

[25]  Carol Collier Kuhlthau,et al.  Inside the search process: Information seeking from the user's perspective , 1991, J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci..

[26]  Joseph Krajcik,et al.  Log on education: K-12 and the Internet , 2000, CACM.

[27]  Sanjaya Mishra A design framework for online learning environments , 2002, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[28]  T. Sumner,et al.  Digital libraries and educational practice: a case for new models , 2004, Proceedings of the 2004 Joint ACM/IEEE Conference on Digital Libraries, 2004..

[29]  A. Saad,et al.  A knowledge visualization tool for teaching and learning computer engineering knowledge, concepts, and skills , 2002, 32nd Annual Frontiers in Education.

[30]  Gregory K. W. K. Chung,et al.  Reliability and validity of a computer-based knowledge mapping system to measure content understanding , 1999 .

[31]  Nikolaos M. Avouris,et al.  Computer-Supported Collaborative Concept Mapping: Study of Synchronous Peer Interaction , 2002, Education and Information Technologies.

[32]  Barney Dalgarno,et al.  Interpretations of constructivism and consequences for Computer Assisted Learning , 2001, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[33]  David Hung,et al.  Design principles for web-based learning: Implications from Vygotskian thought , 2001 .

[34]  David Leake,et al.  Managing, Mapping, and Manipulating Conceptual Knowledge* , 1999 .

[35]  I. Kinchin If concept mapping is so helpful to learning biology, why aren't we all doing it? , 2001 .

[36]  David Hung,et al.  Constructivism and E-Learning: Balancing between the Individual and Social Levels of Cognition. , 2001 .

[37]  Gil Regev Knoware, a concept map based collaborative virtual environment , 2000, SIGG.

[38]  Donald F. Dansereau,et al.  Learning from lectures: Effects of knowledge maps and cooperative review strategies , 1993 .

[39]  C A Nelson,et al.  Learning to Learn , 2017, Encyclopedia of Machine Learning and Data Mining.