Available Fault Protection Methods of Ungrounded AC Microgrids Evaluated by Transient Simulation Results

This paper evaluates fault protection methods of ungrounded low-voltage (LV) AC microgrids (MGs) based on transient simulation results of a typical ungrounded LVAC microgrid. By considering operation characteristics of ungrounded MGs and a literature review on existing MG fault protection solutions in recent years, possible fault protection methods are proposed for an ungrounded AC MG. Transient simulation results of an ungrounded AC MG are obtained by line-to-line (LL) and line-to-ground (LG) faults, and operation transition tests of the microgrid between autonomous and grid-connected operation modes. Based on the simulation results, advantages and disadvantages of each ungrounded microgrid protection solution are highlighted. In order to get the optimal fault protection, combinations among some or all of possible fault protection solutions of an ungrounded LVAC microgrid are found out. As a result, main contributions of the paper contain: (i) proposing and analysing available fault protection solutions of ungrounded LVAC MGs, (ii) doing the transient simulations of a typical ungrounded microgrid under different disturbance cases, and (iii) suggesting the necessary combinations among proposed fault protection solutions of ungrounded MGs.

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