Prevalence of Nocturnal Enuresis among Primary School Children in Bursa, Turkey. -

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and its association with sociodemographic factors in 6- to 14-year-old children in the central district of Bursa, located in western Turkey. Methods: A cross sectional epidemiological study was performed among the 125,843 primary schoolchildren. In total, 3270 students aged 6-14 years participated (response rate 98.0%). Data were collected via a questionnaire completed by parents. The relationships between the prevalence of enuresis and various sociodemographic variables were assessed. Results: The overall prevalence of nocturnal enuresis was 23.5%, and the prevalence of the condition was higher in males than in females (52.5% vs. 47.5%). Of the students positive for nocturnal enuresis, 59.1% had primary and 41.9% had secondary enuresis. Male gender, history of enuresis, deep sleep, and constipation were significantly associated with enuresis. Conclusions: The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis may be higher than in previous studies in Turkey, a finding that may be due to the relatively low socioeconomic status of the families in this study.

[1]  E. Işeri,et al.  Prevalence and risk factors of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in Turkish children , 2010, Indian journal of urology : IJU : journal of the Urological Society of India.

[2]  J. Stockman.  Prevalence of enuresis and its association with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among U.S. children: results from a nationally representative study , 2010 .

[3]  Y. Açik,et al.  The epidemiology and factors associated with nocturnal enuresis among boarding and daytime school children in southeast of Turkey: a cross sectional study , 2009, BMC public health.

[4]  M. Inan,et al.  Personal Characteristics of Enuretic Children: An Epidemiological Study from South-East Europe , 2008, Urologia Internationalis.

[5]  O. Ceran,et al.  Nocturnal Enuresis in Turkey: Prevalence and Accompanying Factors in Different Socioeconomic Environments , 2008, Urologia Internationalis.

[6]  S. Halachmi,et al.  The impact of constipation on the urinary tract system , 2008, International journal of adolescent medicine and health.

[7]  M. Chou,et al.  The epidemiology and factors associated with nocturnal enuresis and its severity in primary school children in Taiwan , 2007, Acta paediatrica.

[8]  S. Bauer,et al.  The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents: Report from the standardization committee of the International Children's Continence Society (ICCS) , 2007 .

[9]  S. Altınova,et al.  Prevalence and associated factors of enuresis in Turkish children. , 2004, International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology.

[10]  Q. W. Wang,et al.  An epidemiological study of primary nocturnal enuresis in Chinese children and adolescents. , 2006, European urology.

[11]  M. Devecí,et al.  Bone age and probable aetiological causes in primary nocturnal enuresis , 2005, Acta paediatrica.

[12]  H. Karabıber,et al.  Enuresis Prevalence and Accompanying Factors in Schoolchildren: A Questionnaire Study from Southeast Anatolia , 2004, Urologia Internationalis.

[13]  M. Unalacak,et al.  ENURESIS NOCTURNA PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS AMONG SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN IN NORTHWEST TURKEY , 2004 .

[14]  A. Gontard,et al.  Nocturnal enuresis: an international evidence based management strategy. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[15]  G. Can,et al.  Enuresis: Prevalence, risk factors and urinary pathology among school children in Istanbul, Turkey , 2004, Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society.

[16]  M. Duce,et al.  The assessment of constipation in monosymptomatic primary nocturnal enuresis , 2004, International Urology and Nephrology.

[17]  A. Karaman,et al.  Frequency of Enuresis, Constipation and Enuresis Association with Constipation in a Group of School Children Aged 5-9 Years in Malatya, Turkey , 2003 .

[18]  H. Roeyers,et al.  Socioeconomic Status as a Common Factor Underlying the Association Between Enuresis and Psychopathology , 2003, Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP.

[19]  H. Eiberg,et al.  The genetics of enuresis: a review. , 2001, The Journal of urology.

[20]  W. Tsai,et al.  An epidemiological study of nocturnal enuresis in Taiwanese children , 2001, BJU international.

[21]  O. Oge,et al.  Enuresis: point prevalence and associated factors among Turkish children. , 2001, The Turkish journal of pediatrics.

[22]  N. Park,et al.  An epidemiological study of enuresis in Korean children , 2000, BJU international.

[23]  A. Iscan,et al.  Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and accompanying factors in children aged 7–11 years in Turkey , 1999, Acta paediatrica.

[24]  S. Cnattingius,et al.  Depth of sleep and sleep habits among enuretic and incontinent children , 1999, Acta paediatrica.

[25]  R. Hirasing,et al.  Childhood nocturnal enuresis in The Netherlands. , 1998, Urology.

[26]  L. Bernardinelli,et al.  An Italian epidemiological multicentre study of nocturnal enuresis. , 1998, British Journal of Urology.

[27]  H. Koyuncuoglu,et al.  Epidemiology of enuresis in Turkish children. , 1997, Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology.

[28]  R. Pivik,et al.  Elevated sleep arousal thresholds in enuretic boys: clinical implications , 1997, Acta paediatrica.

[29]  R. Shepherd,et al.  The epidemiology of childhood enuresis in Australia. , 1996, British journal of urology.

[30]  R. Butler,et al.  Nocturnal Enuresis: The Child's Experience , 1994 .

[31]  D. Fergusson,et al.  Secondary enuresis in a birth cohort of New Zealand children. , 1990, Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology.

[32]  M. Järvelin,et al.  Enuresis in Seven‐Year‐Old Children , 1988, Acta paediatrica Scandinavica.