Direct syntheses of Lan+1NinO3n+1 phases (n=1, 2, 3 and ∞) from nanosized co-crystallites

A new direct route for the 'bottom up' syntheses of phases in the La{sub n+1}Ni{sub n}O{sub 3n+1} series (n=1, 2, 3 and {infinity}) has been achieved via single-step heat treatments of nanosized co-crystallized precursors. The co-crystallized precursors were prepared using a continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis system that uses a superheated water flow at ca. 400 deg. C and 24.1 MPa to produce nanoparticulate slurries. Overall, a significant reduction in time and number of steps for the syntheses of La{sub 3}Ni{sub 2}O{sub 7} and La{sub 4}Ni{sub 3}O{sub 10} was achieved compared with more conventional synthesis methods, which typically require multiple homogenization and reheating steps over several days. - Graphical abstract: Scanning electron micrograph of La{sub 4}Ni{sub 3}O{sub 10} (bar=1 {mu}m) made by a single heat treatment at 1075 deg. C in air for 12 h of a 4:3 La:Ni ratio co-crystallite mixture of the metal hydroxides.

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