High pressure shock compression of solids II : dynamic fracture and fragmentation

1 Spallation in Solids Under Shock-Wave Loading: Analysis of Dynamic Flow, Methodology of Measurements, and Constitutive Factors.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2. Background: Wave Interactions at Spalling and the Methodology of Spall Strength Measurement.- 1.3. Acoustic Analysis of Flow During Continuous Spall Fracture.- 1.4. Spallation in Materials of Different Classes.- 1.5. Fracture Work and Edge Effects.- 1.6. Conclusion.- 1.7. References.- 2 Microstructural Aspects of Dynamic Failure.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Dynamic Fracture.- 2.3. Shear Band Instability.- 2.4. Stress Wave Effects in Rocks and Ceramics.- 2.5. Summary and Conclusions.- 2.6. Acknowledgments.- 2.7. References.- 3 Dynamic Fracture in Metals at High Strain Rate.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Loading Techniques.- 3.3. Experiments.- 3.4. Stress Wave Model for Spall.- 3.5. SSS Calculations Incorporating the NAG Model.- 3.6. Acknowledgment.- 3.7. References.- 4 Laser-Induced Spallation and Dynamic Fracture at Ultra High Strain Rate.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Laser-Induced Shock Wave Pressure.- 4.3. Numerical Simulation of Laser-Induced Spall.- 4.4. Experimental Method.- 4.5. Spall and Dynamic Fracture of Metals.- 4.6. Experimental Estimation of the Shock Wave Pressure Decay and Spall Strength in Different Materials.- 4.7. Spall Behavior of Composite Materials.- 4.8. Fracture Modes of Alumina at Hypervelocity Impact Conditions.- 4.9. Brittle to Ductile Transition in 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy at Ultra High Strain Rate.- 4.10. Impact Resistance of Adhesive Joints.- 4.11. Laser Simulation of Hypervelocity Impacts in Space.- 4.12. Summary.- 4.13. References.- 5 Explosive Fragmentation.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Code Results.- 5.3. Experimental Results.- 5.4. State of Stress.- 5.5. Fragmentation Steps.- 5.6. Comparison to 3D Situations.- 5.7. Conclusions.- 5.8. Acknowledgments.- 5.9. References.- 6 Radiographic Studies of Impact Fragmentation.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. Experimental Techniques.- 6.3. Analysis of Film.- 6.4. Results.- 6.5. Discussion.- 6.6. Summary.- 6.7. Acknowledgments.- 6.8. References.- 7 Pulsed Holography Diagnostics of Impact Fragmentation.- 7.1. Introduction.- 7.2. Measurement Objectives.- 7.3. Pulsed Laser Holograms.- 7.4. Test Configuration.- 7.5. Holographic Image Reconstruction Systems.- 7.6. Holographic Image Resolution Limits.- 7.7. Future Efforts.- 7.8. Acknowledgments.- 7.9. References.- 8 Initiation and Propagation of Damage Caused by Impact on Brittle Materials.- 8.1. Introduction.- 8.2. Phenomenology.- 8.3. Damage Models.- 8.4. Failure Propagation Speed.- 8.5. References.- 9 Spall and Fragmentation in High-Temperature Metals.- 9.1. Introduction.- 9.2. High-Temperature Solids.- 9.3. Fragmentation of Liquid Metals.- 9.4. Liquid-Vapor State Fragmentation.- 9.5. References.- 10 Disorder, Percolation, and Wave Propagation Effects in Brittle Fracture.- 10.1. Introduction.- 10.2. Selected Topics in the Phenomenology of Ductile Fracture.- 10.3. 2D Plane Strain Simulations.- 10.4. Analytical Approximations.- 10.5. Application to Spallation.- 10.6. Summary and Conclusions.- 10.7. Acknowledgment.- 10.8. References.- 11 Maximum Entropy Principles in Fragmentation Data Analysis.- 11.1. Introduction.- 11.2. Deductions of and from Maximum Entropy.- 11.3. Application in Target Ballistics.- 11.4. Priors and Simple Constraints.- 11.5. Fragmentation in a Disordered Network.- 11.6. Conclusion.- 11.7. Appendix 1: The Formalism.- 11.8. Appendix 2: On Gaussian Probabilities.- 11.9. References.- 12 Experimental and Numerical Studies of High-Velocity Impact Fragmentation.- 12.1. Introduction.- 12.2. Steel Sphere Impact on PMMA Targets.- 12.3. Copper Sphere Impact on Steel Targets.- 12.4. Conclusions.- 12.5. Acknowledgments.- 12.6. References.- 13 Simplified Models of Fracture and Fragmentation.- 13.1. Introduction.- 13.2. Fracture and Fragmentation Process.- 13.3. Computer Models of the Fracture and Fragmentation Process.- 13.4. Conclusions.- 13.5. Appendix: Well-Posedness and Stability of the Fracture Models.- 13.6. References.- 14 A Unified Theory of Flow, Hot Spots, and Fragmentation, with an Application to Explosive Sensitivity.- 14.1. Introduction.- 14.2. Theory of Finite Deformation, Polar Decomposition, and Polar Rates.- 14.3. Superposition of Strain Rates.- 14.4. Reduced Moduli.- 14.5. Synthesis of a Unified Constitutive Law.- 14.6. Application to XDT.- 14.7. Prospects for Further Developments and Applications.- 14.8. References.- 15 Constitutive Modelling of Spall Fracture.- 15.1. Physical Features of Spall Fracture of Polycrystalline Materials Induced by Plate Impact.- 15.2. Elastic-Viscoplastic-Damage Constitutive Model.- 15.3. Simulation of Plate Impact Spall Fracture.- 15.4. Other Constitutive-Damage Models for Spall Fracture.- 15.5. References.- 16 A Thermodynamically Consistent Description of Dynamic Continuum Damage.- 16.1. Introduction.- 16.2. Basic Formulation.- 16.3. Strains Due to Cracks.- 16.4. Damage Model: General Formulation for Crack Strains.- 16.5. Tensile Crack Strains.- 16.6. Shear Crack Strains.- 16.7. Composite Damage Surface.- 16.8. Conclusion.- 16.9. References.- Author Index.