Who ’ s in and why ? Stakeholder analysis as a prerequisite 1 for sustainable natural resource management 2 3

15 16 Stakeholder analysis means many things to different people. Various methods and approaches have been 17 developed in different fields for different purposes, leading to confusion over the concept and practice of 18 stakeholder analysis. This paper asks how and why stakeholder analysis should be conducted for 19 participatory natural resource management research. This is achieved by reviewing the development of 20 stakeholder analysis in business management, development and natural resource management. The 21 normative and instrumental theoretical basis for stakeholder analysis is discussed, and a stakeholder 22 analysis typology is proposed. This consists of methods for: i) identifying stakeholders; ii) differentiating 23 between and categorising stakeholders; and iii) investigating relationships between stakeholders. The range 24 of methods that can be used to carry out each type of analysis is reviewed. These methods and approaches 25 are then illustrated through a series of case studies funded through the Rural Economy and Land Use 26 (RELU) programme. These case studies show the wide range of participatory and non-participatory 27 methods that can be used, and discuss some of the challenges and limitations of existing methods for 28 stakeholder analysis. The case studies also propose new tools and combinations of methods that can more 29 effectively identify and categorise stakeholders and help understand their inter-relationships. 30 31

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