Proposed Rules for the incorporation of nomina of higher-ranked zoological taxa in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature . 1. Some general questions, concepts and terms of biological nomenclature

Les noms scientifiques (nomina) des taxons de rangs superieurs (au-dessus de la super-famille) d'animaux ne sont pas regis par le Code international de nomenclature zoologique, mais par un « consensus » entre chercheurs. Cependant, lorsqu'il n'existe pas de vrai consensus, une situation frequente, des criteres doivent etre employes pour etablir quel nomen doit etre considere valide pour un taxon donne. Avec la multiplication des taxons qui resulte du developpement des analyses cladistiques, la mise en vigueur de regles va devenir de plus en plus necessaire et importante. Pour etre acceptables par tous les zoologistes du monde, de nos jours et dans l'avenir, de telles regles devraient etre independantes de la philosophie de la taxinomie adoptee, mais devraient permettre une attribution non-ambigue, automatique et universelle d'un seul nomen a chaque taxon superieur, dans le cadre de toute taxinomie, qu'elle soit « phylogenetique » ou non. Ce premier article est consacre a la discussion detaillee de divers problemes theoriques et terminologiques relatifs a cette question. L'idee est defendue ici qu'il est trompeur et dangereux de tenter de rendre la nomenclature artificiellement « simple ». Les problemes poses par la nomination de millions de sortes d'organismes, lies entre eux par l'evolution et qui ont ete etudies depuis deux siecles et demi selon differentes approches, sont indeniablement complexes: cette complexite doit etre reconnue et assumee et la discipline chargee de cette etude doit etre reconnue comme un domaine technique specifique, avec ses propres methodes, concepts et termes. Parmi diverses propositions avancees dans cet article, il est suggere d'abandonner definitivement le terme mensonger de « type » en taxinomie et en nomenclature, des categories objectives d'« usage » des nomina sont definies pour la premiere fois et une distinction est faite entre « categories » taxinomiques et « rangs » nomenclaturaux.

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