Pseudorandom modulation quantum secured lidar

Abstract A new lidar scheme called pseudorandom modulation quantum secured lidar is proposed. The position and polarization of the photon are randomly modulated through electro-optic modulators controlled by pseudorandom codes to realize ranging and security. Using this ability to obtain the target distance is secure against the most primitive, intercept-resend attack, popularly known as “jamming”. In order to jam our lidar system, the target has to disturb the delicate quantum state of the ranging photons, thus the statistical errors will be introduced, which can reveal the jamming activity. The formulas for estimating the signal-to-noise of our system are derived both in the presence and absence of jammers. Simulation result shows that, when there are no jammers, the range accuracy of centimeter level is obtained, and the observed range accuracy of the experiment is in agreement with this simulation value. However, the error of the received polarization can be viewed as random noise, which will descend the signal-to-noise ratio, and further decline the distance accuracy. The experimental results show that our system has a better ranging and anti-attack ability.

[1]  Jonathan P. Dowling,et al.  Quantum interferometric sensors , 2004, SPIE OPTO.

[2]  Nicolò Spagnolo,et al.  Phase estimation via quantum interferometry for noisy detectors. , 2011, Physical review letters.

[3]  S. Lloyd,et al.  Quantum-enhanced positioning and clock synchronization , 2001, Nature.

[4]  Jonathan P. Dowling,et al.  Super-resolution at the shot-noise limit with coherent states and photon-number-resolving detectors , 2009, 0907.2382.

[5]  Robert W. Boyd,et al.  Quantum-secured imaging , 2012, 1212.2605.

[6]  Jeffrey H. Shapiro,et al.  Quantum pulse compression laser radar , 2007, SPIE International Symposium on Fluctuations and Noise.

[7]  Y. Shih Quantum Imaging , 2007, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[8]  Gilles Brassard,et al.  Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing , 2014, Theor. Comput. Sci..

[9]  Nicolas Treps,et al.  A Quantum Laser Pointer , 2003, Science.

[10]  Ram M. Narayanan,et al.  Design considerations for quantum radar implementation , 2014, Defense + Security Symposium.

[11]  Saikat Guha,et al.  LADAR resolution improvement using receivers enhanced with squeezed-vacuum injection and phase-sensitive amplification , 2010 .

[12]  James F. Smith Quantum entangled radar theory and a correction method for the effects of the atmosphere on entanglement , 2009, Defense + Commercial Sensing.

[13]  Seth Lloyd,et al.  Quantum cryptographic ranging , 2002 .

[14]  Ze Yu,et al.  Review and forecast of quantum radar , 2013, Conference Proceedings of 2013 Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR).

[15]  R. Boyd,et al.  Secure Quantum LIDAR , 2012 .

[16]  Jonathan P. Dowling,et al.  Super-resolving quantum radar: Coherent-state sources with homodyne detection suffice to beat the diffraction limit , 2013, 1305.4162.

[17]  Gerald Gilbert,et al.  Practical quantum interferometry using photonic N00N states , 2007, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing.

[18]  Charles H. Bennett,et al.  Quantum cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states. , 1992, Physical review letters.

[19]  Seth Lloyd,et al.  Positioning and clock synchronization through entanglement , 2002 .

[20]  M. Kolobov The spatial behavior of nonclassical light , 1999 .