Tropical rainfall predictions from multiple seasonal forecast systems

We quantify seasonal prediction skill of tropical winter rainfall in 14 climate forecast systems. High levels of seasonal prediction skill exist for year‐to‐year rainfall variability in all tropical ocean basins. The tropical East Pacific is the most skilful region, with very high correlation scores, and the tropical West Pacific is also highly skilful. Predictions of tropical Atlantic and Indian Ocean rainfall show lower but statistically significant scores.

[1]  Diana Verseghy,et al.  The Canadian Fourth Generation Atmospheric Global Climate Model (CanAM4). Part I: Representation of Physical Processes , 2013, Data, Models and Analysis.

[2]  Arun Kumar,et al.  Causes of skill in seasonal predictions of the Arctic Oscillation , 2018, Climate Dynamics.

[3]  Adam A. Scaife,et al.  Different types of drifts in two seasonal forecast systems and their dependence on ENSO , 2018, Climate Dynamics.

[4]  Yosuke Fujii,et al.  Japan Meteorological Agency/Meteorological Research Institute-Coupled Prediction System version 2 (JMA/MRI-CPS2): atmosphere–land–ocean–sea ice coupled prediction system for operational seasonal forecasting , 2018, Climate Dynamics.

[5]  Advancing Climate Forecasting , 2017 .

[6]  M. Newman,et al.  Are we near the predictability limit of tropical Indo‐Pacific sea surface temperatures? , 2017 .

[7]  Mean Bias in Seasonal Forecast Model and ENSO Prediction Error , 2017, Scientific Reports.

[8]  G. Monnet,et al.  Impact of Atmosphere , 2017 .

[9]  R. Greatbatch,et al.  On the relationship between Atlantic Niño variability and ocean dynamics , 2017, Climate Dynamics.

[10]  E. Maloney,et al.  MJO simulation in CMIP5 climate models: MJO skill metrics and process-oriented diagnosis , 2017, Climate Dynamics.

[11]  Y. Imada,et al.  Seasonal Predictability of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Zonal Mean Fields Associated with Stratospheric Influence in JMA/MRI-CPS2 , 2017 .

[12]  Adam A. Scaife,et al.  Tropical rainfall, Rossby waves and regional winter climate predictions , 2017 .

[13]  E. Hawkins,et al.  Skillful seasonal predictions of winter precipitation over southern China , 2017 .

[14]  D. Wallom,et al.  Climate model forecast biases assessed with a perturbed physics ensemble , 2017, Climate Dynamics.

[15]  Adam A. Scaife,et al.  Skillful seasonal predictions of winter precipitation over southern China , 2017 .

[16]  G. Martin,et al.  An assessment of Indian monsoon seasonal forecasts and mechanisms underlying monsoon interannual variability in the Met Office GloSea5-GC2 system , 2017, Climate Dynamics.

[17]  Adam A. Scaife,et al.  Skilful predictions of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation one year ahead , 2016 .

[18]  Adam A. Scaife,et al.  Role of volcanic and anthropogenic aerosols in the recent global surface warming slowdown , 2016 .

[19]  M. Déqué,et al.  Randomly correcting model errors in the ARPEGE-Climate v6.1 component of CNRM-CM: applications for seasonal forecasts , 2016 .

[20]  Adam A. Scaife,et al.  A Multisystem View of Wintertime NAO Seasonal Predictions , 2017 .

[21]  M. Kimoto,et al.  Predictability of Two Types of El Niño Assessed Using an Extended Seasonal Prediction System by MIROC , 2015 .

[22]  Harvey Stern,et al.  Trends in the skill of weather prediction at lead times of 1–14 days , 2015 .

[23]  R. Greatbatch,et al.  Decadal hindcasts initialized using observed surface wind stress: Evaluation and prediction out to 2024 , 2015 .

[24]  F. Jin,et al.  Interhemispheric Propagation of Stationary Rossby Waves in a Horizontally Nonuniform Background Flow , 2015 .

[25]  Arun Kumar,et al.  Inherent Predictability, Requirements on the Ensemble Size, and Complementarity , 2015 .

[26]  M. Latif,et al.  The impact of sea surface temperature bias on equatorial Atlantic interannual variability in partially coupled model experiments , 2015 .

[27]  A. Robertson,et al.  Evaluation of Submonthly Precipitation Forecast Skill from Global Ensemble Prediction Systems , 2015 .

[28]  Qiaoping Li,et al.  Performance of the seasonal forecasting of the Asian summer monsoon by BCC_CSM1.1(m) , 2015, Advances in Atmospheric Sciences.

[29]  I. Richter Climate model biases in the eastern tropical oceans: causes, impacts and ways forward , 2015 .

[30]  G. Vecchi,et al.  Seasonal Predictability of Extratropical Storm Tracks in GFDL’s High-Resolution Climate Prediction Model , 2015 .

[31]  Adam A. Scaife,et al.  Global Seasonal forecast system version 5 (GloSea5): a high‐resolution seasonal forecast system , 2015 .

[32]  F. Molteni,et al.  Understanding and modelling extra-tropical teleconnections with the Indo-Pacific region during the northern winter , 2015, Climate Dynamics.

[33]  F. Molteni,et al.  Atmospheric initial conditions and the predictability of the Arctic Oscillation , 2015 .

[34]  C. Kobayashi,et al.  The JRA-55 Reanalysis: General Specifications and Basic Characteristics , 2015 .

[35]  S. Tietsche,et al.  The prediction of surface temperature in the new seasonal prediction system based on the MPI-ESM coupled climate model , 2015, Climate Dynamics.

[36]  Adam A. Scaife,et al.  The Representation of Atmospheric Blocking and the Associated Low-Frequency Variability in Two Seasonal Prediction Systems , 2014 .

[37]  G. Vecchi,et al.  On the Seasonal Forecasting of Regional Tropical Cyclone Activity , 2014 .

[38]  Adam S. Phillips,et al.  Seasonal aspects of the recent pause in surface warming , 2014 .

[39]  Adam A. Scaife,et al.  Skillful Seasonal Prediction of the Southern Annular Mode and Antarctic Ozone , 2014 .

[40]  Adam A. Scaife,et al.  Do seasonal-to-decadal climate predictions underestimate the predictability of the real world? , 2014, Geophysical research letters.

[41]  P. Barbosa,et al.  Global meteorological drought – Part 2: Seasonal forecasts , 2014 .

[42]  A. Barnston,et al.  The North American multimodel ensemble: Phase-1 seasonal-to-interannual prediction; phase-2 toward developing intraseasonal prediction , 2014 .

[43]  S. Schubert,et al.  Prediction of the Arctic Oscillation in boreal winter by dynamical seasonal forecasting systems , 2014 .

[44]  Arun Kumar,et al.  Is There a Relationship between Potential and Actual Skill , 2014 .

[45]  A. Alessandri,et al.  Impact of Atmosphere and Land Surface Initial Conditions on Seasonal Forecasts of Global Surface Temperature , 2014 .

[46]  Adam A. Scaife,et al.  Skillful long‐range prediction of European and North American winters , 2014 .

[47]  Nick Rayner,et al.  The Met Office Hadley Centre sea ice and sea surface temperature data set, version 2: 1. Sea ice concentrations , 2014 .

[48]  M. Iredell,et al.  The NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 , 2014 .

[49]  S. Seneviratne,et al.  Systematic land climate and evapotranspiration biases in CMIP5 simulations , 2014, Geophysical research letters.

[50]  T. N. Palmer,et al.  On the reliability of seasonal climate forecasts , 2013, Journal of The Royal Society Interface.

[51]  Arun Kumar,et al.  Attribution of SST variability in global oceans and the role of ENSO , 2014, Climate Dynamics.

[52]  Dominic A. Hudson,et al.  Improving Intraseasonal Prediction with a New Ensemble Generation Strategy , 2013 .

[53]  Johanna Baehr,et al.  Ensemble initialization of the oceanic component of a coupled model through bred vectors at seasonal-to-interannual timescales , 2013 .

[54]  M. Latif,et al.  Hindcast of the 1976/77 and 1998/99 Climate Shifts in the Pacific , 2013 .

[55]  P. Smithson,et al.  The global ocean , 2013 .

[56]  Arun Kumar,et al.  Understanding Prediction Skill of Seasonal Mean Precipitation over the Tropics , 2013 .

[57]  Youmin Tang,et al.  The Canadian Seasonal to Interannual Prediction System. Part I: Models and Initialization , 2013 .

[58]  Arun Kumar,et al.  CFSv2 ensemble prediction of the wintertime Arctic Oscillation , 2013, Climate Dynamics.

[59]  B. Stevens,et al.  Climate and carbon cycle changes from 1850 to 2100 in MPI‐ESM simulations for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 , 2013 .

[60]  Katja Lohmann,et al.  Characteristics of the ocean simulations in the Max Planck Institute Ocean Model (MPIOM) the ocean component of the MPI‐Earth system model , 2013 .

[61]  B. Stevens,et al.  Atmospheric component of the MPI‐M Earth System Model: ECHAM6 , 2013 .

[62]  Li Zhang,et al.  Global carbon budgets simulated by the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model for the last century , 2013 .

[63]  Doug M. Smith,et al.  A comparison of full-field and anomaly initialization for seasonal to decadal climate prediction , 2013, Climate Dynamics.

[64]  T. Yasuda,et al.  Improved Analysis of Seasonal-Interannual Fields Using a Global Ocean Data Assimilation System , 2013 .

[65]  F. Molteni,et al.  On the dependence of ENSO simulation on the coupled model mean state , 2013, Climate Dynamics.

[66]  H. Douville,et al.  The CNRM-CM5.1 global climate model: description and basic evaluation , 2013, Climate Dynamics.

[67]  A. Rosati,et al.  An assessment of oceanic variability for 1960–2010 from the GFDL ensemble coupled data assimilation , 2013, Climate Dynamics.

[68]  N. Philippon,et al.  The influence of ENSO on winter rainfall in South Africa , 2012 .

[69]  R. Greatbatch,et al.  Factors influencing Northern Hemisphere winter mean atmospheric circulation anomalies during the period 1960/61 to 2001/02 , 2012 .

[70]  P. Houser,et al.  A Method for Estimating Potential Seasonal Predictability: Analysis of Covariance , 2012 .

[71]  S. Valcke,et al.  The OASIS3 coupler: a European climate modelling community software , 2012 .

[72]  Peter J. Webster,et al.  Seasonal prediction skill of ECMWF System 4 and NCEP CFSv2 retrospective forecast for the Northern Hemisphere Winter , 2012, Climate Dynamics.

[73]  G. Vecchi,et al.  Simulated Climate and Climate Change in the GFDL CM2.5 High-Resolution Coupled Climate Model , 2012 .

[74]  M. Ishii,et al.  The Initialization of the MIROC Climate Models with Hydrographic Data Assimilation for Decadal Prediction (Special Issue on Recent Development on Climate Models and Future Climate Projections) , 2012 .

[75]  B. Stevens,et al.  The Atmospheric Component of the MPI-M Earth 1 System Model : ECHAM 6 2 , 2012 .

[76]  G. Gollana,et al.  Factors influencing Northern Hemisphere winter mean atmospheric circulation anomalies during the period 1960 / 61 to 2001 / 02 , 2012 .

[77]  Alberto Arribas,et al.  The GloSea4 Ensemble Prediction System for Seasonal Forecasting , 2011 .

[78]  J. Thepaut,et al.  The ERA‐Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system , 2011 .

[79]  Dominic A. Hudson,et al.  The impact of atmospheric initialisation on seasonal prediction of tropical Pacific SST , 2011 .

[80]  Yonghong Yin,et al.  An Ensemble Ocean Data Assimilation System for Seasonal Prediction , 2011 .

[81]  Adam A. Scaife,et al.  Skilful multi-year predictions of Atlantic hurricane frequency , 2010 .

[82]  H. Hasumi,et al.  Improved Climate Simulation by MIROC5: Mean States, Variability, and Climate Sensitivity , 2010, Journal of Climate.

[83]  Dake Chen,et al.  Further analysis of singular vector and ENSO predictability in the Lamont model—Part I: singular vector and the control factors , 2010 .

[84]  Uang,et al.  The NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis , 2010 .

[85]  Andrea Alessandri,et al.  The INGV-CMCC Seasonal Prediction System: improved ocean initial conditions , 2010 .

[86]  S. Keeley,et al.  Does the North Atlantic Oscillation show unusual persistence on intraseasonal timescales? , 2009 .

[87]  Min Dong,et al.  The Beijing Climate Center atmospheric general circulation model: description and its performance for the present-day climate , 2009 .

[88]  J. Syktus,et al.  The CLIVAR C20C project: skill of simulating Indian monsoon rainfall on interannual to decadal timescales. Does GHG forcing play a role? , 2009 .

[89]  M. Latif,et al.  Tropical Pacific climate and its response to global warming in the Kiel climate model. , 2009 .

[90]  E. Bedel Relationship between , 2009 .

[91]  David A. Plummer,et al.  Technical Note: The CCCma third generation AGCM and its extension into the middle atmosphere , 2008 .

[92]  David A. Plummer,et al.  The CCCma third generation AGCM and its extension into the middle atmosphere , 2008 .

[93]  Deliang Chen,et al.  The Beijing Climate Center atmospheric general circulation model: description and its performance for the present-day climate , 2008 .

[94]  A. Rosati,et al.  System Design and Evaluation of Coupled Ensemble Data Assimilation for Global Oceanic Climate Studies , 2007 .

[95]  Adam A. Scaife,et al.  The influence of ENSO on winter North Atlantic climate , 2006 .

[96]  R. Allan,et al.  A new globally complete monthly historical gridded mean sea level pressure dataset (HadSLP2): 1850-2004 , 2006 .

[97]  Adam A. Scaife,et al.  Multidecadal modulation of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variance by Atlantic Ocean sea surface temperatures , 2006 .

[98]  S. Klein,et al.  GFDL's CM2 Global Coupled Climate Models. Part I: Formulation and Simulation Characteristics , 2006 .

[99]  Andrew T. Wittenberg,et al.  GFDL's CM2 Global Coupled Climate Models. Part III: Tropical Pacific Climate and ENSO , 2006 .

[100]  Rüdiger Gerdes,et al.  Formulation of an ocean model for global climate simulations , 2005 .

[101]  G. Brunet,et al.  Seasonal Forecasting with a Simple General Circulation Model: Predictive Skill in the AO and PNA , 2005 .

[102]  H. Douville,et al.  Simulated ENSO-tropical rainfall teleconnections in present-day and under enhanced greenhouse gases conditions , 2004 .

[103]  A. Arakawa The Cumulus Parameterization Problem: Past, Present, and Future , 2004 .

[104]  J. Janowiak,et al.  The Version 2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Monthly Precipitation Analysis (1979-Present) , 2003 .

[105]  Luca Bonaventura,et al.  The atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM 5. PART I: Model description , 2003 .

[106]  Thomas M. Smith,et al.  An Improved In Situ and Satellite SST Analysis for Climate , 2002 .

[107]  J. S. Godfrey,et al.  A New Version of the Australian Community Ocean Model for Seasonal Climate Prediction , 2002 .

[108]  R. Seager,et al.  The ENSO Teleconnection to the Tropical Atlantic Ocean: Contributions of the Remote and Local SSTs to Rainfall Variability in the Tropical Americas* , 2001 .

[109]  M. Déqué,et al.  Seasonal predictability of tropical rainfall: probabilistic formulation and validation , 2001 .

[110]  M. Winton,et al.  A Reformulated Three-Layer Sea Ice Model , 2000 .

[111]  M. Balmaseda,et al.  Global seasonal rainfall forecasts using a coupled ocean–atmosphere model , 1998, Nature.

[112]  J. Wallace,et al.  Barotropic Wave Propagation and Instability, and Atmospheric Teleconnection Patterns. , 1983 .

[113]  Brian J. Hoskins,et al.  The Steady Linear Response of a Spherical Atmosphere to Thermal and Orographic Forcing , 1981 .

[114]  J. Wallace,et al.  Teleconnections in the Geopotential Height Field during the Northern Hemisphere Winter , 1981 .

[115]  S. Manabe,et al.  The seasonal variation of the hydrologic cycle as simulated by a global model of the atmosphere , 1975 .