Synthetic Aperture Radar

Since its invention in the early 1950s, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has gathered increasing attention thanks to its attractive capabilities, such as providing good resolutions both in range and cross-range dimensions. Although primary exercises of airborne and spaceborne SAR systems were for surveillance purposes and for geophysical remote sensing, numerous applications of SAR have been implemented in many areas, from subsurface imaging to crop monitoring. This article begins with the history of SAR and presents the basic principles in SAR signal processing, including range and azimuth compression. Applications and some common problems in SAR imagery are covered as well. Principles of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) and its applications are demonstrated with examples. Advanced SAR concepts such as motion compensation, interferometric SAR (IFSAR), and polarimetric SAR (POLSAR) imaging are also presented. The article is concluded by discussing some hot topics and emerging technologies in SAR imagery. Keywords: remote sensing; radar; radar imaging; radar signal processing

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