Angle-dependent reflectance measurements on photovoltaic materials and solar cells

Abstract Results of angle-dependent reflectance measurements on photovoltaic materials and solar cells are presented and discussed. The optical apparatus employs an integrating sphere of 40 cm diameter and it is suitable for working at variable wavelengths and incidence angles of the light beam. Directional/hemispherical reflectance measurements can be performed and both the diffuse and the total components of the reflected light can be obtained. Samples of any size can be measured by this apparatus, including small prototype solar cells (