Comparing the Utility and Sequencing of Different Types of Feedback

Despite the existence of an overabundance of research articles, reviews, and meta-analyses, there still appears to be disagreement regarding the feedback techniques that produce the most optimal learning conditions. The purpose of this research was to investigate two specific types of feedback, process and outcome, as well as the sequence in which these types of feedback should be presented as trainees learn to perform a simulated radar task. It was hypothesized that individuals receiving process feedback followed by outcome feedback would perform better on the simulated radar task than those receiving feedback in any other sequence. The results of this study indicate that individuals receiving feedback, regardless of the type and sequence, performed better at the end of training than those who did not receive feedback. No support was found for recommending a process-outcome feedback sequence.