A conditional dependence-based marine logistics support risk model

Abstract Industries and researchers have renewed interest in the Arctic as well as the sub-Arctic regions due to the proven hydrocarbon reserves. The main challenges of operations in these regions arise due to their remoteness and extreme weather conditions. These conditions also put major challenges to plan emergency logistics support, which is currently offered either by helicopters or marine vessels. This paper analyzes the risk-based marine logistics support model in an offshore facility operating in the far northern (sub-arctic) region. A Bayesian network (BN) approach is used to develop the risk model considering interdependencies and conditional relationships among the contributing factors. Exploration in the Flemish Pass Basin located offshore Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, is selected as a case study to demonstrate the methodology. The study identifies the critical elements of a marine logistics operation that need attention to reduce its associated risk. The corresponding safety measures are identified and implemented into the risk model. Appropriate risk management strategies are proposed to support marine logistics operations.

[1]  Per Hokstad,et al.  A risk influence model applied to North Sea helicopter transport , 2001, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf..

[2]  Jed M. Hamilton The Challenges of Deep-Water Arctic Development , 2011 .

[3]  Glenn Shafer Probability Judgement in Artificial Intelligence , 2013, ArXiv.

[4]  Trevor Kletz Inherently Safer Design—Its Scope and Future , 2003 .

[5]  Glenn Shafer,et al.  A Mathematical Theory of Evidence , 2020, A Mathematical Theory of Evidence.

[6]  Brian Veitch,et al.  Handling data uncertainties in event tree analysis , 2009 .

[7]  Jan Erik Vinnem Risk indicators for major hazards on offshore installations , 2010 .

[8]  Faisal Khan,et al.  Development of risk model for marine logistics support to offshore oil and gas operations in remote and harsh environments , 2019, Ocean Engineering.

[9]  George J. Klir,et al.  Fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic - theory and applications , 1995 .

[10]  Faisal Khan,et al.  Application of inherent safety principles to dust explosion prevention and mitigation , 2009 .

[11]  Tahir Husain,et al.  Risk-based process safety assessment and control measures design for offshore process facilities. , 2002, Journal of hazardous materials.

[12]  Jan Erik Vinnem,et al.  Evaluation of offshore emergency preparedness in view of rare accidents , 2011 .

[13]  Faisal Khan,et al.  Evaluation of available indices for inherently safer design options , 2003 .

[14]  Alan Brown,et al.  A Probabilistic Analysis of Tanker Groundings , 1997 .

[15]  Mashrura Musharraf,et al.  Bayesian network approach to human reliability analysis (HRA) at offshore operations , 2014 .

[16]  Ranveig Kviseth Tinmannsvik,et al.  Accident investigation in the Norwegian petroleum industry – Common features and future challenges , 2012 .

[17]  Finn V. Jensen,et al.  Bayesian Networks and Decision Graphs , 2001, Statistics for Engineering and Information Science.

[18]  Benoît Iung,et al.  Overview on Bayesian networks applications for dependability, risk analysis and maintenance areas , 2012, Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell..

[19]  Salim Ahmed,et al.  Safety challenges in harsh environments: Lessons learned , 2015 .

[20]  J. Walsh Climate of the Arctic marine environment. , 2008, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.

[21]  Robert L. Winkler,et al.  Combining Probability Distributions From Experts in Risk Analysis , 1999 .

[22]  Luigi Portinale,et al.  Improving the analysis of dependable systems by mapping fault trees into Bayesian networks , 2001, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf..

[23]  Simon Jackman,et al.  Bayesian Analysis for the Social Sciences , 2009 .

[24]  Ronald A. Howard,et al.  Influence Diagrams , 2005, Decis. Anal..

[25]  Faisal Khan,et al.  Risk-Based Design of Safety Measures To Prevent and Mitigate Dust Explosion Hazards , 2013 .

[26]  Faisal Khan,et al.  Dynamic safety analysis of process systems by mapping bow-tie into Bayesian network , 2013 .

[27]  R. Yager On the dempster-shafer framework and new combination rules , 1987, Inf. Sci..

[28]  John Andrews,et al.  Reliability and Risk Assessment , 1994 .

[29]  Preben H. Lindøe,et al.  Risk on the ramble: The international transfer of risk and vulnerability , 2009 .

[30]  Faisal Khan,et al.  Risk-based optimal safety measure allocation for dust explosions , 2015 .

[31]  Cécile Fiévez,et al.  ARAMIS project: a more explicit demonstration of risk control through the use of bow-tie diagrams and the evaluation of safety barrier performance. , 2006, Journal of hazardous materials.

[32]  Nima Khakzad,et al.  Safety analysis in process facilities: Comparison of fault tree and Bayesian network approaches , 2011, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf..

[33]  Ronald L. Boring,et al.  Human Error Quantification Using Performance Shaping Factors in the SPAR-H Method , 2008 .

[34]  Brian Veitch,et al.  Methodology for computer aided fuzzy fault tree analysis , 2009 .

[35]  Pedro Antão,et al.  Fault-tree models of accident scenarios of RoPax vessels , 2006, Int. J. Autom. Comput..

[36]  Wang Ke,et al.  Estimating probability of success of escape, evacuation, and rescue (EER) on the offshore platform by integrating Bayesian Network and Fuzzy AHP , 2018, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries.

[37]  Trond Stokka Meling Deepwater Floating Production Systems in Harsh Environment - a Look at a Field Development Offshore Norway and Need for Technology Qualification , 2013 .

[38]  Arthur P. Dempster,et al.  Upper and Lower Probabilities Induced by a Multivalued Mapping , 1967, Classic Works of the Dempster-Shafer Theory of Belief Functions.

[39]  Coutinho Nascimento,et al.  Hazard identification and risk analysis of nighttime offshore helicopter operations , 2014 .

[40]  Mohammad Modarres Risk Analysis in Engineering : Techniques, Tools, and Trends , 2016 .

[41]  Maryam Kalantarnia,et al.  Dynamic risk assessment using accident precursor data and Bayesian theory , 2009 .

[42]  Susan P Baker,et al.  Helicopter crashes related to oil and gas operations in the Gulf of Mexico. , 2011, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[43]  Bekir Sahin,et al.  A Root Cause Analysis for Arctic Marine Accidents from 1993 to 2011 , 2015 .

[44]  Lotfi A. Zadeh,et al.  Fuzzy Sets , 1996, Inf. Control..

[45]  Judea Pearl,et al.  Probabilistic reasoning in intelligent systems - networks of plausible inference , 1991, Morgan Kaufmann series in representation and reasoning.

[46]  Judea Pearl,et al.  Bayesian Networks , 1998, Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining. 2nd Ed..

[47]  George J. Klir,et al.  Uncertainty Modeling and Analysis in Engineering and the Sciences (Hardcover) , 2006 .

[48]  R. Cooke Experts in Uncertainty: Opinion and Subjective Probability in Science , 1991 .

[49]  Daniel A. Crowl,et al.  Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals with Applications , 2001 .

[50]  Majeed Abimbola,et al.  Dynamic safety analysis of managed pressure drilling operations , 2016 .

[51]  Brian Veitch,et al.  Fault and Event Tree Analyses for Process Systems Risk Analysis: Uncertainty Handling Formulations , 2011, Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis.

[52]  H. Boudali,et al.  A new Bayesian network approach to solve dynamic fault trees , 2005, Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, 2005. Proceedings..

[53]  Anthony O'Hagan,et al.  Eliciting expert beliefs in substantial practical applications , 1998 .