Review of thermally regenerative electrochemical systems

Thermally regenerative electrochemical systems (TRES) are closed systems that convert heat into electricity in an electrochemical heat engine that is Carnot cycle limited in efficiency. In this report, past and present work on TRES is reviewed and classified. Two broad classes of TRES can be identified according to the type of energy input required to regenerate the electrochemical cell reactants: thermal input alone or the coupling of thermal and electrolytic energy inputs. To facilitate the discussion, these two broad categories are further divided into seven types of TRES (Types 1 to 3 for thermal regeneration; Types 4 to 7 for coupled thermal and electrolytic regeneration). The subdivision was made according to significant differences in either the electrochemical cells or in the regenerators.

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