Breed of sire and gender effects on chute exit velocity and chute temperament score in beef calves

The objectives of this study were to evaluate effects of breed of sire, age of dam and gender on exit velocity (EV, m/s), chute temperament score (CS; 1=calm, no movement to 5=jumping and rearing, highly agitated) and pen temperament score (PS; 1=non-aggressive, not excited by humans to 5=aggressive, runs into fences and at humans if approached) and measure relationships between EV, CS and PS at two times near weaning. Crossbred calves (n=195) were assigned a PS, then calves were weighed on a platform scale and CS was assigned. Calves were then released to a squeeze chute and restrained. After a blood sample was obtained the calf was released and time recorded to travel 1.83 m. Measurement one (T1) occurred 21 d after weaning and the second measurement (T2) 90 days later. Least square means were obtained from PROC MIXED with main effects of sire breed, gender and age of dam. Breed of sire (Angus or Brangus) was not a significant source of variation for EV, CS or PS. Gender was a significant source of variation for EV and PS at T1 and was different for EV at T2 (P < 0.06). Heifers had a greater EV at T1 and T2 (1.75 ± 0.10 and 2.48 ± 0.14 m/s, respectively) compared to steers (1.56 ± 0.10 and 2.22 ± 0.15 m/s, respectively). The correlation coefficient (r) between EV at T1 and T2 was 0.68 (P < 0.001). The r between EV and CS was 0.26 (P < 0.002) at T2. The r between EV and PS were 0.489 (P < 0.001) at T1 and 0.487 (P < 0.001) at T2. In conclusion, breed of sire was not a significant source of variation in chute exit velocity however, differences existed between steers and heifers. Although the correlation coefficients between velocity and temperament score were significantly different from zero the magnitudes were only moderate. In this case, pen score had a better correlation with velocity than chute score. The exit velocity may be preferred due to the subjective nature of the temperament score.