Reversible watermarking for authentication of DICOM images

We propose a watermarking scheme that can recover the original image from the watermarked one. The purpose is to verify the integrity and authenticity of DICOM images. We used 800x600x8 bits ultrasound (US) images in our experiment. SHA-256 of the whole image is embedded in the least significant bits of the RONI (Region of Non-Interest). If the image has not been altered, the watermark will be extracted and the original image will be recovered. SHA-256 of the recovered image will be compared with the extracted watermark for authentication.

[1]  J. Tian High capacity reversible data embedding and content authentication , 2003, 2003 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2003. Proceedings. (ICASSP '03)..

[2]  Jessica J. Fridrich,et al.  Invertible authentication , 2001, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents.

[3]  A. Murat Tekalp,et al.  Reversible data hiding , 2002, Proceedings. International Conference on Image Processing.

[4]  Akiyoshi Wakatani,et al.  Digital watermarking for ROI medical images by using compressed signature image , 2002, Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[5]  H K Huang,et al.  Medical image security in a HIPAA mandated PACS environment. , 2003, Computerized medical imaging and graphics : the official journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society.

[6]  Jessica J. Fridrich,et al.  Lossless Data Embedding—New Paradigm in Digital Watermarking , 2002, EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process..

[7]  Chin-Ming Hsu,et al.  A data-hiding technique with authentication, integration, and confidentiality for electronic patient records , 2002, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine.

[8]  Tian-ge Zhuang,et al.  Lossless watermarking scheme for enhancing security of medical data in PACS , 2003, SPIE Medical Imaging.

[9]  Bülent Sankur,et al.  Strict integrity control of biomedical images , 2001, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

[10]  L. Kamoun,et al.  A new medical image watermarking scheme for a better telediagnosis , 2002, IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics.

[11]  H. K. Huang,et al.  Authenticity and integrity of digital mammography images , 2001, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[12]  U. Rajendra Acharya,et al.  Compact storage of medical images with patient information , 2001, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine.