Multi-freedom-degree controllable excavating mechanism with driving metamorphism function

The invention relates to a multi-freedom-degree controllable excavating mechanism with a driving metamorphism function. One end of a second driving part is connected to a rack, the other end of the second driving part is connected with a second connecting rod, the other end of the second connecting rod is connected with a third connecting rod through a tenth rotation pair, the other end of the third connecting rod is connected to a fourth connecting rod, and the other end of the fourth connecting rod is connected to a bucket. One end of a first driving part is connected to the rack, the other end of the first driving part is connected with a first connecting rod, and the other end of the first connecting rod is connected to the third connecting rod. One end of a bucket rod is connected with the bucket and the other end of the bucket rod is connected to the first connecting rod. One end of a big arm is connected to the rack through a first rotation pair and the other end of the big arm is connected with the bucket rod. Two electromagnetic locking devices are installed on the first rotation pair and the tenth rotation pair respectively. By the adoption of the two electromagnetic locking devices, driving metamorphism can be achieved according to different working conditions, flexibility of a hydraulic excavator is achieved, three-freedom-degree excavating operation can be achieved simply through the two driving parts, and manufacturing cost of the excavating mechanism is reduced.