Spinning Reserve Estimation in Microgrids

In this paper, a probabilistic methodology for estimating spinning reserve requirement in microgrids is proposed. The spinning reserve amount is determined by a tradeoff between reliability and economics. The unreliability of units and uncertainties caused by load and nondispatchable units are both considered. In order to reduce computation burden, various uncertainties are aggregated. A multistep method is proposed to efficiently consider the combinatorial characteristic of unit outage events. The computation efficiency of spinning reserve calculations can be greatly improved. The optimization is solved by mixed integer linear programming (MILP). Two case studies are carried out to illustrate the proposed method. Their results and discussions are also presented.

[1]  Roy Billinton,et al.  Reliability evaluation of power systems , 1984 .

[2]  Mohammad Nurul Alam Hawlader,et al.  Some frequently used meteorological data for Singapore , 1990 .

[3]  A. A. Chen,et al.  Stochastic simulation and forecasting of hourly average wind speed sequences in Jamaica , 1991 .

[4]  Ziyad M. Salameh,et al.  Optimum photovoltaic array size for a hybrid wind/PV system , 1994 .

[5]  Ziyad M. Salameh,et al.  Photovoltaic module-site matching based on the capacity factors , 1995 .

[6]  K. K. Kariuki,et al.  Evaluation of reliability worth and value of lost load , 1996 .

[7]  Saifur Rahman,et al.  A decision support technique for the design of hybrid solar-wind power systems , 1998 .

[8]  D. Kirschen,et al.  Optimal scheduling of spinning reserve , 1999 .

[9]  F. Y. Ettoumi,et al.  Statistical analysis of solar measurements in Algeria using beta distributions , 2002 .

[10]  F. Bouffard,et al.  An electricity market with a probabilistic spinning reserve criterion , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[11]  M. Shahidehpour,et al.  Short-term scheduling of battery in a grid-connected PV/battery system , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[12]  Daniel S. Kirschen,et al.  What is spinning reserve , 2005 .

[13]  F. Bouffard,et al.  Market-clearing with stochastic security-part II: case studies , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[14]  Jianxue Wang,et al.  Operating reserve model in the power market , 2005 .

[15]  A. Conejo,et al.  Market-clearing with stochastic security-part I: formulation , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[16]  Danny Pudjianto,et al.  Optimising the scheduling of spinning reserve considering the cost of interruptions , 2006 .

[17]  C.D. Vournas,et al.  Reliability Constrained Unit Commitment Using Simulated Annealing , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[18]  N. Hatziargyriou,et al.  Microgrids: an overview of ongoing research, development, anddemonstration projects , 2007 .

[19]  David C. Yu,et al.  An Economic Dispatch Model Incorporating Wind Power , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[20]  Nikos D. Hatziargyriou,et al.  microgrids [guest editorial] , 2008 .

[21]  R. Iravani,et al.  Microgrids management , 2008, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine.

[22]  Nikos D. Hatziargyriou,et al.  Centralized Control for Optimizing Microgrids Operation , 2008 .