Comparative study of rare-earth doped low-phonon fluoride and chloride crystals for mid-IR laser potential

Extending solid-state laser technology to longer wavelengths is difficult because the transitions that lead to mid-IR emission experience strong competition from the multiphonon-relaxation (MPR) which reduces the emission quantum efficiency. In this work, a comparative study of mid-IR (3-5 μm) spectroscopic properties on RE3+ ions doped in various low-phonon fluoride and chloride based crystals were explored. Obtained experimental results, including temperature dependent absorption and fluorescence, transition cross-sections, and fluorescence dynamics are discussed and the potential for efficient laser operation is evaluated. Ultimately, the chloride materials demonstrated more favorable laser parameters than the fluoride materials, including significantly longer upper laser level lifetimes.

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