Simulation of anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction using a 3D finite element knee joint model

A three dimensional computational knee joint model was utilized in simulating injury to the ACL and ACL reconstruction. The model was constructed and optimized using MR images and experimental data from the same knee. The model was validated by comparing its behavior to kinematic and kinetic data found in literature. The focus of the simulation was a parametric study of the effect variations in the stiffness of the ACL or graft material has on knee joint function The stiffness of the ACL was reduced by varying degrees to simulate partial ACL injury and complete ACL rupture. The behavior of the ACL deficient knee was analyzed under a simulated quadriceps load. Stiffness reduction of the ACL did have a considerable effect on knee joint function, although the results show that an injured ACL can still provide a majority of the stability provided by an intact ACL. ACL reconstruction was simulated using grafts with material properties similar to those of grafts most often used today. The results show that current reconstruction techniques, especially when high initial graft tensions are used, are likely to produce abnormal knee kinematics and kinetics. The graft fixation sites should be chosen such that the graft behavior matches that of the intact ACL. Thesis Supervisor: Guoan Li Title: Lecturer