Simulation dynamique et commande non lineaire des colonnes a distiller

Le probleme principal aborde dans cette these est la commande en qualite des colonnes a distiller. Les modeles de commande utilises sont construits a partir de modeles dynamiques classiques issus d'une analyse physique. La methode de construction repose sur une reduction par echelle de temps de ces derniers. Cette reduction a pour but de ne conserver que les phenomenes lents. Sur ces modeles reduits, nous appliquons des techniques de rejet de perturbations par retour non lineaire de l'etat. Les lois de commande obtenues sont testees en simulation sur des modeles dynamiques de colonne, decrits par des systemes algebro-differentiels d'index 1, nettement plus complets que les modeles de commande. Cette etude en simulation montre, pour une colonne binaire de 42 plateaux et pour une colonne multi-composes de 32 plateaux, la robustesse et l'interet de ces lois non lineaires de commande. La mise en œuvre sur deux colonnes de raffinerie confirme ces resultats. Elle montre egalement que l'instrumentation des colonnes et la puissance des ordinateurs de conduite sont suffisantes pour un calcul en ligne de ces lois non lineaires de commande. Un probleme important, dont nous avons pris conscience lors de l'etude en simulation, concerne la resolution numerique des systemes algebro-differentiels. En nous appuyant sur des resultats recents relatifs 'a l'inversion de systemes dynamiques, nous etendons les notions d'index et de forme canonique, notions definies uniquement en lineaire et cependant tres utilisees pour analyser la convergence des schemas numeriques de resolution, aux systemes algebro-differentiels non lineaires implicites. Nous proposons egalement un algorithme formel et explicite de reduction d'index, afin de transformer des systemes d'index eleves pour lesquels les methodes de resolution numeriques font defaut, en systemes d'index 1 pour lesquels existent des methodes de resolution numerique performantes.

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