Convolutive Transfer Function Generalized

In this paper, we propose a convolutive transfer func- tion generalized sidelobe canceler (CTF-GSC), which is an adap- tivebeamformerdesignedformultichannelspeechenhancementin reverberantenvironments.Usingacompletesystemrepresentation in the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) domain, we formulate a constrained minimization problem of total output noise power subject to the constraint that the signal component of the output is the desired signal, up to some prespecified filter. Then, we em- ploy the general sidelobe canceler (GSC) structure to transform the problem into an equivalent unconstrained form by decoupling the constraint and the minimization. The CTF-GSC is obtained by applying a convolutive transfer function (CTF) approximation on the GSC scheme, which is a more accurate and a less restric- tive than a multiplicative transfer function (MTF) approximation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed beamformer outperforms the transfer function GSC (TF-GSC) in reverberant environments and achieves both improved noise reduction and re- duced speech distortion. Index Terms—Adaptive signal processing, array signal pro- cessing, beamforming, generalized sidelobe canceler (GSC), linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV), microphone arrays, minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR), noise reduction, speech enhancement.

[1]  Israel Cohen,et al.  System Identification in the Short-Time Fourier Transform Domain With Crossband Filtering , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing.

[2]  Jacob Benesty,et al.  Springer Handbook of Speech Processing and Communication , 2007 .

[3]  Martin Vetterli,et al.  Adaptive filtering in subbands with critical sampling: analysis, experiments, and application to acoustic echo cancellation , 1992, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[4]  Shlomit Farkash,et al.  Linear systems in Gabor time-frequency space , 1994, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[5]  Israel Cohen,et al.  Adaptive System Identification in the Short-Time Fourier Transform Domain Using Cross-Multiplicative Transfer Function Approximation , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing.

[6]  Rainer Martin,et al.  Noise power spectral density estimation based on optimal smoothing and minimum statistics , 2001, IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process..

[7]  Jacob Benesty,et al.  A Minimum Distortion Noise Reduction Algorithm With Multiple Microphones , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing.

[8]  Akihiko Sugiyama,et al.  A robust adaptive beamformer for microphone arrays with a blocking matrix using constrained adaptive filters , 1999, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[9]  Israel Cohen,et al.  An Integrated Real-Time Beamforming and Postfiltering System for Nonstationary Noise Environments , 2003, EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process..

[10]  M. Portnoff.  Time-frequency representation of digital signals and systems based on short-time Fourier analysis , 1980 .

[11]  Israel Cohen,et al.  Relative Transfer Function Identification Using Convolutive Transfer Function Approximation , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing.

[12]  Israel Cohen,et al.  On Multiplicative Transfer Function Approximation in the Short-Time Fourier Transform Domain , 2007, IEEE Signal Processing Letters.

[13]  J. Shynk.  Frequency-domain and multirate adaptive filtering , 1992, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.

[14]  Ehud Weinstein,et al.  System identification using nonstationary signals , 1996, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[15]  Israel Cohen,et al.  Noise spectrum estimation in adverse environments: improved minima controlled recursive averaging , 2003, IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process..

[16]  O. L. Frost,et al.  An algorithm for linearly constrained adaptive array processing , 1972 .

[17]  Ehud Weinstein,et al.  Signal enhancement using beamforming and nonstationarity with applications to speech , 2001, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[18]  Jacob Benesty,et al.  Springer handbook of speech processing , 2007, Springer Handbooks.

[19]  S. Gannot,et al.  Speech enhancement based on the general transfer function GSC and postfiltering , 2004, IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process..

[20]  Jont B. Allen,et al.  Image method for efficiently simulating small‐room acoustics , 1976 .

[21]  I. Cohen,et al.  Noise estimation by minima controlled recursive averaging for robust speech enhancement , 2002, IEEE Signal Processing Letters.

[22]  Piet Sommen.  Partitioned frequency domain adaptive filters , 1989, Twenty-Third Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, 1989..

[23]  B. Breed,et al.  A short proof of the equivalence of LCMV and GSC beamforming , 2002, IEEE Signal Processing Letters.

[24]  Jacob Benesty,et al.  On Microphone-Array Beamforming From a MIMO Acoustic Signal Processing Perspective , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing.

[25]  B.D. Van Veen,et al.  Beamforming: a versatile approach to spatial filtering , 1988, IEEE ASSP Magazine.

[26]  Israel Cohen,et al.  Relative transfer function identification using speech signals , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing.

[27]  Israel Cohen,et al.  Joint noise reduction and acoustic echo cancellation using the transfer-function generalized sidelobe canceller , 2007, Speech Commun..

[28]  Sharon Gannot,et al.  Adaptive Beamforming and Postfiltering , 2008 .

[29]  Israel Cohen,et al.  Dual-Source Transfer-Function Generalized Sidelobe Canceller , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing.

[30]  S. Haykin,et al.  Adaptive Filter Theory , 1986 .