The Folded Normal Distribution: A New Model for the Small-Scale Fading in Line-of-Sight (LOS) Condition

In this paper, a novel form of the folded normal (FN) distribution has been proposed to model the small-scale fading in wireless communications. From a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) measurement campaign conducted in a lab environment with the line-of-sight (LOS) conditions at both the 60 and the 94 GHz bands, the authors obtain the parameters of the Rician, FN, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\kappa $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> distributions. These parameters have been calculated by using the least square (LS) approximation and with techniques of statistical inference. The FN distribution provides the best fitting to the experimental results using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K–S) test for the inferred estimators with values of the fulfillment of 100% and 69.82% at the 60 and 94 GHz bands, respectively, for a significance level of 1%.

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