Spatial activity-based modeling for pedestrian crowd simulation

This paper proposes a spatial activity-based modeling approach and applies it to pedestrian crowd behavior simulations. Compared to conventional pedestrian crowd models where pedestrians make movement decisions in a time-based manner, the spatial activity-based pedestrian crowd model allows a pedestrian to make decisions only when needed, that is, when there is significant change in the pedestrian’s spatial position, as defined by a threshold called ‘space resolution’. To demonstrate the spatial activity-based modeling, we develop an activity-based model for pedestrian crowd simulation in a two-dimensional environment and compare it with a conventional time-based simulation model. Experiment results show that the spatial activity-based model can lead to more efficient simulations when simulating heterogeneous pedestrian crowds.

[1]  Norman I. Badler,et al.  Controlling individual agents in high-density crowd simulation , 2007, SCA '07.

[2]  Bernard P. Zeigler,et al.  Theory of Quantized Systems: Devs Simulation of Perceiving Agents , 2000, Cybern. Syst..

[3]  Bernard P. Zeigler,et al.  The Activity-tracking paradigm in discrete-event modeling and simulation: The case of spatially continuous distributed systems , 2011, Simul..

[4]  Michael J. Quinn,et al.  PARALLEL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOCIAL FORCES MODEL , 2003 .

[5]  Bernard P. Zeigler,et al.  Theory of modeling and simulation , 1976 .

[6]  Demetri Terzopoulos,et al.  Autonomous pedestrians , 2007, Graph. Model..

[7]  Bing-Hong Wang,et al.  Simulation of evacuation processes using a multi-grid model for pedestrian dynamics , 2006 .

[8]  Jürgen Döllner,et al.  ViewFusion: Correlating Structure and Activity Views for Execution Traces , 2012, TPCG.

[9]  H. W. Hamacher,et al.  Mathematical Modelling of Evacuation Problems: A State of Art , 2001 .

[10]  Victor J. Blue,et al.  Cellular automata microsimulation for modeling bi-directional pedestrian walkways , 2001 .

[11]  Xiaolin Hu,et al.  Modeling group structures in pedestrian crowd simulation , 2010, Simul. Model. Pract. Theory.

[12]  Daniel Thalmann,et al.  Hierarchical Model for Real Time Simulation of Virtual Human Crowds , 2001, IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph..

[13]  Soraia Raupp Musse,et al.  Modeling individual behaviors in crowd simulation , 2003, Proceedings 11th IEEE International Workshop on Program Comprehension.

[14]  L. F. Henderson.  On the fluid mechanics of human crowd motion , 1974 .

[15]  T. Vicsek,et al.  Simulation of pedestrian crowds in normal and evacuation situations , 2002 .

[16]  Franco Tecchia,et al.  Agent Behaviour Simulator (ABS):a platform for urban behaviour development , 2001 .

[17]  Yasemin Yardimci,et al.  The Virtual Marathon: Parallel Computing Supports Crowd Simulations , 2009, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[18]  Hironori Hirata,et al.  Method of crowd simulation by using multiagent on cellular automata , 2003, IEEE/WIC International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology, 2003. IAT 2003..

[19]  Soraia Raupp Musse,et al.  A Model of Human Crowd Behavior , 1997 .

[20]  Lisa Gralewski,et al.  Theory and Practice of Computer Graphics , 2004 .

[21]  Savannah Simulations.  SimWalk - the simulation software for pedestrian flows , 2005 .

[22]  Craig W. Reynolds.  Big fast crowds on PS3 , 2006, Sandbox '06.

[23]  Kincho H. Law,et al.  A multi-agent based framework for the simulation of human and social behaviors during emergency evacuations , 2007, AI & SOCIETY.

[24]  Roger L. Hughes,et al.  A continuum theory for the flow of pedestrians , 2002 .

[25]  Dirk Helbing,et al.  Experiment, theory, and simulation of the evacuation of a room without visibility. , 2004, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[26]  Salim Hariri,et al.  ACTIVITY CHARACTERIZATION OF SPATIAL MODELS: APPLICATION TO DISCRETE EVENT SOLUTION OF PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS By , 2003 .

[27]  Xiaolin Hu,et al.  BehaviorSim: A Learning Environment for Behavior-Based Agent , 2008, SAB.

[28]  Céline Loscos,et al.  Intuitive crowd behavior in dense urban environments using local laws , 2003, Proceedings of Theory and Practice of Computer Graphics, 2003..

[29]  Xiaolin Hu,et al.  Variable Structure in DEVS Component-Based Modeling and Simulation , 2005, Simul..

[30]  D. Romano,et al.  A HIGH PERFORMANCE FRAMEWORK FOR AGENT BASED PEDESTRIAN DYNAMICS ON GPU HARDWARE , 2008 .

[31]  Fasheng Qiu,et al.  Modeling Social Group Structures in Pedestrian Crowds , 2010 .

[32]  Xiaolin Hu,et al.  Modeling Dynamic Groups for Agent-Based Pedestrian Crowd Simulations , 2010, 2010 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology.

[33]  Taras I. Lakoba,et al.  Modifications of the Helbing-Molnár-Farkas-Vicsek Social Force Model for Pedestrian Evolution , 2005, Simul..

[34]  Bernard P. Zeigler,et al.  Continuity and Change (Activity) Are Fundamentally Related in DEVS Simulation of Continuous Systems , 2004, AIS.

[35]  Serge P. Hoogendoorn,et al.  Experimental Research of Pedestrian Walking Behavior , 2003 .

[36]  A. Schadschneider.  Cellular Automaton Approach to Pedestrian Dynamics - Theory , 2001, cond-mat/0112117.

[37]  Bernard P. Zeigler,et al.  Multilevel methodology for simulation of spatio-temporal systems with heterogeneous activity: application to spread of valley fever fungus , 2008 .