Problemas motores asociados al Trastorno por Déficit de Atención/Hiperactividad: una revisión

espanolEl Trastorno por Deficit de Atencion/Hiperactividad (TDAH) es una de las alteraciones psiquiatricas mas prevalentes en ninos y adolescentes. Aunque este trastorno comporte tres tipos diferentes de sintomas (deficit de atencion, actividad motora excesiva e impulsividad), la mayoria de las investigaciones realizadas hasta la fecha se han enfocado en variables de tipo cognitivo, subestimando el impacto que tienen las alteraciones motoras en las actividades de la vida cotidiana, especialmente en la infancia. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar las alteraciones motoras asociadas al TDAH y su influencia sobre el rendimiento academico y las relaciones sociales de los ninos y ninas afectados por este trastorno. Tras una revision bibliografica de las investigaciones publicadas sobre este tema en revistas cientificas, ofrecemos una descripcion del perfil motor idiosincrasico del TDAH, su variabilidad en los distintos subtipos y una serie de pautas a considerar para una intervencion exitosa y eficaz. Como conclusion destacamos la importancia de que las intervenciones en el area motora adopten una perspectiva integral del desarrollo, que tenga en cuenta el resto de dominios y factores que repercuten en la adaptacion del alumnado con TDAH, asi como la combinacion de tratamientos farmacologicos y psicologicos. EnglishAttention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Although this disorder behave three different types of symptoms (attention deficit, excessive motor activity and impulsivity), most research to date has focused on cognitive variables, underestimating the impact of motor impairment in activities of everyday life, especially in childhood. The main objective of this work is to analyze the motor disorders associated with ADHD and their influence on academic performance and social relationships of children affected by this disorder. After a literature review of published research on this topic in scientific journals, we show a description of the engine idiosyncratic profile of ADHD, its variability in different subtypes and a set of guidelines to consider for a successful and effective intervention. We like to emphasize the importance that interventions in the motor area adopt a comprehensive development perspective, taking into account the rest of domains and factors affecting the adaptation of students with ADHD.

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