Qualitative Research Designs

Counseling psychologists face many approaches from which to choose when they conduct a qualitative research study. This article focuses on the processes of selecting, contrasting, and implementing five different qualitative approaches. Based on an extended example related to test interpretation by counselors, clients, and communities, this article provides a detailed discussion about five qualitative approaches— narrative research; case study research; grounded theory; phenomenology; and participatory action research—as alternative qualitative procedures useful in understanding test interpretation. For each approach, the authors offer perspectives about historical origins, definition, variants, and the procedures of research.

[1]  J. Beverley.  Testimonio, Subalternity, and Narrative Authority , 2008 .

[2]  Margaret Volante.  Qualitative research. , 2008, Nurse researcher.

[3]  S. Heurtin‐Roberts,et al.  Qualitative Methods In Health Research Opportunities and Considerations In Application and Review , 2008 .

[4]  N. Denzin,et al.  The SAGE handbook of qualitative research , 2005 .

[5]  C. Yeh,et al.  Qualitative Data Analysis and Interpretation in Counseling Psychology: Strategies for Best Practices , 2007 .

[6]  Joseph G. Ponterotto,et al.  Effectively Communicating Qualitative Research , 2007 .

[7]  Karen L. Poulin.  Teaching Qualitative Research , 2007 .

[8]  L. Suzuki,et al.  The Pond You Fish In Determines the Fish You Catch , 2007 .

[9]  Richard A. Young,et al.  Paradigms, Purpose, and the Role of the Literature , 2007 .

[10]  William T. Hoyt,et al.  Construct Validation in Counseling Psychology Research , 2006 .

[11]  F. Baum,et al.  Participatory action research , 2006, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.

[12]  J. Kahn.  Factor Analysis in Counseling Psychology Research, Training, and Practice , 2006 .

[13]  Ann,et al.  Truth and method , 1994, Journal of Religion and Health.

[14]  Beth E. Haverkamp,et al.  A Time and Place for Qualitative and Mixed Methods in Counseling Psychology Research , 2005 .

[15]  L. T. Hoshmand.  Narratology, cultural psychology, and counseling research. , 2005 .

[16]  S. Kidd,et al.  Practicing participatory action research , 2005 .

[17]  Nicholas Ladany,et al.  Consensual Qualitative Research: An Update , 2005 .

[18]  Susan E. Chase,et al.  Narrative Inquiry: Multiple Lenses, Approaches, Voices. , 2005 .

[19]  N. Denzin,et al.  The Sage handbook of qualitative research, 3rd ed. , 2005 .

[20]  Madonna G. Constantine,et al.  Examining the Cultural Adjustment Experiences of African International College Students: A Qualitative Analysis. , 2005 .

[21]  J. Elliott.  Using narrative in social research: qualitative and quantitative approaches , 2005 .

[22]  D. Blustein,et al.  Toward an understanding of Jewish identity: A phenomenological study , 2005 .

[23]  A. Winter,et al.  A Gift From the Heart: The Experiences of Women Whose Egg Donations Helped Their Sisters Become Mothers , 2004 .

[24]  Barbara Czarniawska.  Narratives in Social Science Research , 2004 .

[25]  Charles C. Ragin,et al.  Workshop on Scientific Foundations of Qualitative Research , 2004 .

[26]  T. Power,et al.  Using participatory research to develop a playground-based prevention program , 2004 .

[27]  C. Ellis.  The Ethnographic I: A Methodological Novel about Autoethnography , 2003 .

[28]  C. Daiute,et al.  Narrative Analysis: Studying the Development of Individuals in Society , 2003 .

[29]  J. Ponterotto,et al.  African American and European American Therapists' Experiences of Addressing Race in Cross-Racial Psychotherapy Dyads , 2003 .

[30]  Charles L. Thompson,et al.  The Experience of Grief After Bereavement: A Phenomenological Study With Implications for Mental Health Counseling , 2003 .

[31]  Jan Arminio.  Exploring the Nature of Race‐Related Guilt , 2001 .

[32]  Susan M. Vaughan,et al.  In the Final Analysis: More Wisdom From People Who Have Faced Death , 2001 .

[33]  Susan L. Morrow.  Qualitative Research in Counseling Psychology , 2007 .

[34]  J. Creswell,et al.  Determining Validity in Qualitative Inquiry , 2000 .

[35]  Edgar F. Borgatta,et al.  Encyclopedia of sociology , 2000 .

[36]  D. Clandinin,et al.  Narrative Inquiry: Experience and Story in Qualitative Research , 1999 .

[37]  Geoffrey E. Mills.  Action Research: A Guide for the Teacher Researcher , 1999 .

[38]  J. Huber,et al.  A marginal story as a place of possibility: negotiating self on the professional knowledge landscape , 1999 .

[39]  M. Barkham,et al.  Whingeing Versus Working: Comprehensive Process Analysis of A “Vague Awareness” Event in Psychodynamic-Interpersonal Therapy , 1998 .

[40]  A. Lieblich,et al.  Narrative Research: Reading, Analysis, and Interpretation , 1998 .

[41]  Sharan B. Merriam,et al.  Qualitative research and case study applications in education , 1998 .

[42]  C. Hill,et al.  A Guide to Conducting Consensual Qualitative Research , 1997 .

[43]  Phyllis Erdman,et al.  Trainee Perceptions of Live Supervision Phone-Ins , 1997 .

[44]  L. Davidson,et al.  Phenomenological and Participatory Research on Schizophrenia: Recovering the Person in Theory and Practice , 1997 .

[45]  Marion Martin,et al.  Participatory research in health : issues and experiences , 1996 .

[46]  D. Youngman,et al.  H.O.P.E.: Education, employment, and people who are homeless and mentally ill. , 1996 .

[47]  J. Morse,et al.  Qualitative Research Methods for Health Professionals , 1995 .

[48]  Kathleen Casey.  Chapter 5: The New Narrative Research in Education , 1995 .

[49]  R. Stake.  The art of case study research , 1995 .

[50]  D. Polkinghorne.  Narrative configuration in qualitative analysis , 1995 .

[51]  M. Smith,et al.  Constructions of survival and coping by women who have survived childhood sexual abuse. , 1995 .

[52]  Kathleen Casey,et al.  The New Narrative Research in Education , 1995 .

[53]  J P Zbilut,et al.  Phenomenology as method. , 1995, Image--the journal of nursing scholarship.

[54]  N. Denzin,et al.  Handbook of Qualitative Research , 1994 .

[55]  D. Rennie.  Clients' deference in psychotherapy. , 1994 .

[56]  C. Moustakas.  Phenomenological Research Methods , 1994 .

[57]  Pamela Jordan.  Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques , 1994 .

[58]  M. Lecompte.  The Handbook of Qualitative Research in Education , 1993 .

[59]  Kathy Carter,et al.  The Place of Story in the Study of Teaching and Teacher Education , 1993 .

[60]  R. Josselson,et al.  The narrative study of lives, Vol. 1. , 1993 .

[61]  R. Josselson,et al.  The narrative study of lives , 1993 .

[62]  M. Safer.  A time for dying , 1993 .

[63]  John W. Creswell,et al.  How Chairpersons Enhance Faculty Research: A Grounded Theory Study , 2017 .

[64]  William L. Miller,et al.  Primary Care Research: A Multimethod Typology and Qualitative Roadmap , 1992 .

[65]  A. Giorgi,et al.  Phenomenology and Psychological Research , 1991 .

[66]  A. Strauss,et al.  Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. , 1993 .

[67]  F. Michael Connelly,et al.  Stories of Experience and Narrative Inquiry , 1990 .

[68]  M. Manen.  Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy , 1990 .

[69]  William Foote Whyte,et al.  Participatory Action Research , 1989 .

[70]  M. Maynes,et al.  Interpreting Women's Lives , 1989 .

[71]  S. Halling,et al.  Existential-Phenomenological Perspectives in Psychology , 1989 .

[72]  Rajesh Tandon,et al.  Social Transformation and Participatory Research. , 1988 .

[73]  P. Maguire.  Doing Participatory Research: A Feminist Approach , 1987 .

[74]  Anselm L. Strauss,et al.  Qualitative Analysis For Social Scientists , 1987 .

[75]  R. Nieswiadomy.  Foundations of nursing research , 1987 .

[76]  P. Munhall,et al.  Nursing Research: A Qualitative Perspective , 1987 .

[77]  E. Guba,et al.  Naturalistic inquiry: Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1985, 416 pp., $25.00 (Cloth) , 1985 .

[78]  R. Yin.  Case Study Research: Design and Methods , 1984 .

[79]  Robert W. Lent,et al.  Handbook of Counseling Psychology , 1984 .

[80]  Alan Swingewood.  A Short History of Sociological Thought , 1984 .

[81]  Budd L. Hall,et al.  Participatory Research, Popular Knowledge and Power: A Personal Reflection. , 1981 .

[82]  James L. McClelland,et al.  Phenomenology of perception. , 1978, Science.

[83]  P. F. Colaizzi.  Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it , 1978 .

[84]  Mark King,et al.  Existential-phenomenological alternatives for psychology. , 1978 .

[85]  Algis Mickunas,et al.  Exploring phenomenology : a guide to the field and its literature , 1974 .

[86]  Y. Morrison.  presented at the Annual Meeting of the , 1970 .

[87]  L. Heidgerken.  [Case study methods]. , 1968, Sykepleien.

[88]  A. Strauss,et al.  The Discovery of Grounded Theory , 1967 .

[89]  John W. Creswell,et al.  Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches , 2010 .

[90]  A. V. Kaam.  Existential Foundations of Psychology , 1967 .

[91]  Anselm L. Strauss,et al.  Awareness of Dying , 1966 .

[92]  H. Spiegelberg.  The Phenomenological Movement , 1965 .

[93]  M. Natanson,et al.  Phenomenology and the social sciences , 1963 .

[94]  H. Gadamer,et al.  Truth and Method , 1960 .

[95]  Maurice Merleau-Ponty,et al.  Phenomenology of perception , 2016 .

[96]  Donald Young,et al.  The Polish Peasant In Europe and America. , 1928 .