Current Status of Theories of Hearing
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In summing up the current status of
the hearing theories, it may be said that
each of the vibration patterns of the
basilar membrane postulated by the four
major theories of hearing can be obtained by varying two elastic properties
of the membrane—namely, the coupling
between adjacent parts and the absolute
value of the elasticity. If these two variables are adjusted to their numerical
values in the cochlea of a living animal
or a fresh preparation of the human ear,
traveling waves are observed along the
membrane. These traveling waves have
a flat maximum that shifts its location
along the membrane with a change of
frequency—the place of the maximum
determining the pitch. An enlarged dimensional model of the cochlea in which
the nerve supply of the sensory organs
on the basilar membrane was replaced by
the skin of the arm indicates that the inhibitory action in the nervous system can
produce quite sharp local sensations,
which shift their place with changes in
the frequency of the vibrations.