Representation and reality: physical systems and phonological structure

Pierrehumbert's contribution lays out, in lucid fashion, the problems inherent in relating different kinds of representations of speech, in particular, representations that have as their goal elucidating systems of contrast and combination of units (the phonological), and representations that have as their goal precise physical descriptions (the phonetic). She argues that, in resolving these problems, first, phonetics and phonology cannot be treated in isolation froIll each other; second, properties of the real world must be seen as constraining the relation between phonetics and phonology; and third, a one-to-one correspondence between quantitative and phonetic, on the one hand, and abstract and phonological, on the other, cannot be maintained-mental representations can be quantitative, and physical representations abstract. On all these points, we agree with Pierrehumbert. Pierrehumbert also maintains that phonology and phonetics involve disparate representations, drawing upon several dichotomies to help characterize the differing kinds of terrain for which these different representations are assumed to be suitable guides. One of these dichotomies is cognitive vs. physical. Another is qualitative vs. gradient. The phonetic domain is seen as physical and gradient and is described by "continuous" mathemetics (the calculus). The phonological is seen as cognitive and (for the most part, but not completely) qualitative and is described by formal languages, rather than calculus.

[1]  B. Lindblom,et al.  In what sense is speech quantal , 1989 .

[2]  C. Browman,et al.  Papers in Laboratory Phonology: Tiers in articulatory phonology, with some implications for casual speech , 1990 .

[3]  M. Studdert-Kennedy,et al.  Self-organizing processes and the explanation of phonological universals , 1983 .

[4]  Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel,et al.  The Limited Use of Distinctive Features and Markedness in Speech Production: Evidence from Speech Error Data. , 1979 .

[5]  Kenneth N. Stevens,et al.  On the quantal nature of speech , 1972 .

[6]  Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel,et al.  The representation of phonological information during speech production planning:evidence from vowel errors in spontaneous speech , 1986, Phonology.

[7]  J. McCarthy.  Feature Geometry and Dependency: A Review , 1988 .

[8]  E. Roberts,et al.  Speech errors as evidence for the reality of phonological units , 1975 .

[9]  Janet B. Pierrehumbert,et al.  Phonological and phonetic representation , 1990 .

[10]  Carol A. Fowler,et al.  Coarticulation and theories of extrinsic timing , 1980 .

[11]  V. Fromkin.  Speech errors as linguistic evidence , 1976 .

[12]  Peter Ladefoged,et al.  Some Reflections on the IPA , 1990 .

[13]  P. Ladefoged.  A course in phonetics , 1975 .

[14]  J. Laver,et al.  Slips of the tongue. , 1968, The British journal of disorders of communication.

[15]  Catherine Phebe Browman,et al.  WPP, No. 42: Tip of the Tongue and Slip of the Ear: Implications for Language Processing , 1978 .

[16]  S. Manuel,et al.  The role of contrast in limiting vowel-to-vowel coarticulation in different languages. , 1990, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[17]  Roger S. Brown,et al.  The "Tip of the Tongue" Phenomenon , 1966 .

[18]  James Gleick.  Chaos: Making a New Science , 1987 .

[19]  Ilya Prigogine,et al.  Order out of chaos , 1984 .

[20]  C. Browman.  Tip of the tongue and slip of the ear: A comparative study , 1978 .

[21]  Louis Goldstein,et al.  Towards an articulatory phonology , 1986, Phonology.

[22]  J. A. S. Kelso,et al.  Cooperative Phenomena in Biological Motion , 1985 .

[23]  J. Gibson.  The Senses Considered As Perceptual Systems , 1967 .

[24]  D. Ostry,et al.  Control of rate and duration of speech movements. , 1985, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[25]  Louis Goldstein,et al.  Gestural specification using dynamically-defined articulatory structures , 1990 .

[26]  Sidney A J Wood,et al.  X-ray and model studies of vowel articulation , 1982 .

[27]  Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel,et al.  Sublexical Units and Suprasegmental Structure in Speech Production Planning , 1983 .

[28]  M. Turvey,et al.  Phase transitions and critical fluctuations in the visual coordination of rhythmic movements between people. , 1990 .

[29]  J A Kelso,et al.  Dynamic pattern generation in behavioral and neural systems. , 1988, Science.

[30]  R A Mowrey,et al.  Phonological primitives: electromyographic speech error evidence. , 1990, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[31]  David Abercrombie.  English phonetic texts , 1964 .

[32]  J. Ohala.  The Origin of Sound Patterns in Vocal Tract Constraints , 1983 .

[33]  Louis Goldstein,et al.  Articulatory gestures as phonological units , 1989, Phonology.

[34]  Terrance M. Nearey,et al.  The segment as a unit of speech perception , 1990 .

[35]  J. Kelso,et al.  A qualitative dynamic analysis of reiterant speech production: phase portraits, kinematics, and dynamic modeling. , 1985, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[36]  J. Kelso.  Phase transitions and critical behavior in human bimanual coordination. , 1984, The American journal of physiology.

[37]  F. Huddle.  Coordination , 1966, Open Knowledge Institutions.

[38]  R. May,et al.  Bifurcations and Dynamic Complexity in Simple Ecological Models , 1976, The American Naturalist.

[39]  George N. Clements,et al.  The geometry of phonological features , 1985, Phonology Yearbook.

[40]  Sherman Wilcox,et al.  Dynamic Modeling of Phonetic Structure , 1992 .

[41]  J. Kelso,et al.  A Dynamical Basis for Action Systems , 1984 .

[42]  P. N. Kugler,et al.  Fluctuations and phase symmetry in coordinated rhythmic movements. , 1986, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[43]  Joseph Paul Stemberger,et al.  Speech errors and theoretical phonology : a review , 1983 .

[44]  M. Turvey,et al.  Dynamics and task-specific coordinations , 1991 .

[45]  M. Beckman,et al.  Gesture, Segment, Prosody: Prosodic structure and tempo in a sonority model of articulatory dynamics , 1992 .

[46]  P. Vitz,et al.  Predicting the judged “similarity of sound” of english words , 1973 .

[47]  Patricia A. Keating,et al.  Phonetic representations in a generative grammar , 1990 .

[48]  Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel,et al.  The role of word-onset consonants in speech production planning: New evidence from speech error patterns. , 1987 .

[49]  Patricia A. Keating,et al.  Papers in Laboratory Phonology: The window model of coarticulation: articulatory evidence , 1990 .

[50]  J. Gibson.  The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception , 1979 .

[51]  M. Turvey,et al.  Phase transitions and critical fluctuations in the visual coordination of rhythmic movements between people. , 1990, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.