SPECIATION OF INORGANIC ARSENIC AND ORGANOARSENIC COMPOUNDS IN FOSSIL FUEL PRECURSORS AND PRODUCTS

The molecular forms of trace metal(loid)s in fossil deposits are complex, probably consisting of varying proportions of inorganic, metallo-organic, and true organometallic chemical species residing in unspecified sites within the carbonaceous matrix. Modern industrial processing of fossil materials requires a refined understanding of the original form of the selected element, its relationship to other matrix elements, and the pathways by which processing can alter the elements original form. From the standpoint of its environmental impact or its ability to poison catalysts used to upgrade crude oils, arsenic is a key element for which an urgent need exists to determine its chemical form(s) and transformations during fossil-fuel processing. The underlying analytical requirements for the speciation of trace-elements in fossil materials will be discussed along with a review of the present status of trace element speciation in these materials. Recent work performed on the speciation of arsenic compounds in shale oil, oil-shale-retort waters, and oil shale kerogen is presented in this context.

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