Current performance gains from utilizing the GPU or the ASIC MDGRAPE‐3 within an enhanced Poisson Boltzmann approach

Scientific applications do frequently suffer from limited compute performance. In this article, we investigate the suitability of specialized computer chips to overcome this limitation. An enhanced Poisson Boltzmann program is ported to the graphics processing unit and the application specific integrated circuit MDGRAPE‐3 and resulting execution times are compared to the conventional performance obtained on a modern central processing unit. Speed Up factors are measured and an analysis of numerical accuracy is provided. On both specialized architectures the improvement is increasing with problem size and reaches up to a Speed Up factor of 39 × for the largest problem studied. This type of alternative high performance computing can significantly improve the performance of demanding scientific applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009

[1]  Makoto Taiji,et al.  Accelerating Molecular Dynamics Simulations on PlayStation 3 Platform Using Virtual-GRAPE Programming Model , 2008, SIAM J. Sci. Comput..

[2]  D. Nolde,et al.  Peptides and proteins in membranes: what can we learn via computer simulations? , 2004, Current medicinal chemistry.

[3]  H. Berendsen,et al.  The electric potential of a macromolecule in a solvent: A fundamental approach , 1991 .

[4]  Olive Heffernan They say they want a revolution , 2008, Nature.

[5]  David Gubbins,et al.  Earth science: Geomagnetic reversals , 2008, Nature.

[6]  B. Honig,et al.  Classical electrostatics in biology and chemistry. , 1995, Science.

[7]  Yanjie Wei,et al.  Systematic study of the boundary composition in Poisson Boltzmann calculations , 2007, J. Comput. Chem..

[8]  J. Tomasi,et al.  Quantum mechanical continuum solvation models. , 2005, Chemical reviews.

[9]  Vijay S Pande,et al.  Kinetic computational alanine scanning: application to p53 oligomerization. , 2006, Journal of molecular biology.

[10]  Anthony Skjellum,et al.  A High-Performance, Portable Implementation of the MPI Message Passing Interface Standard , 1996, Parallel Comput..

[11]  Ray Luo,et al.  Accelerated Poisson–Boltzmann calculations for static and dynamic systems , 2002, J. Comput. Chem..

[12]  Toshikazu Ebisuzaki,et al.  Hardware accelerator for molecular dynamics: MDGRAPE-2 , 2003 .

[13]  H. Markram The Blue Brain Project , 2006, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[14]  J. Levesque,et al.  Tomographic imaging of molecular orbitals , 2004, Nature.

[15]  Holger Gohlke,et al.  The Amber biomolecular simulation programs , 2005, J. Comput. Chem..

[16]  Y N Vorobjev,et al.  SIMS: computation of a smooth invariant molecular surface. , 1997, Biophysical journal.

[17]  E. Bertschinger SIMULATIONS OF STRUCTURE FORMATION IN THE UNIVERSE , 1998 .

[18]  Siegfried Höfinger,et al.  Simple models for hydrophobic hydration. , 2005, Chemical Society reviews.

[19]  D. Peter Tieleman,et al.  Molecular simulation of multistate peptide dynamics: A comparison between microsecond timescale sampling and multiple shorter trajectories , 2008, J. Comput. Chem..

[20]  J. Warwicker,et al.  Calculation of the electric potential in the active site cleft due to alpha-helix dipoles. , 1982, Journal of molecular biology.

[21]  R. Zauhar,et al.  A new method for computing the macromolecular electric potential. , 1985, Journal of molecular biology.

[22]  Jamie Shiers,et al.  The Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (worldwide LCG) , 2007, Comput. Phys. Commun..

[23]  P. Kollman,et al.  How well does a restrained electrostatic potential (RESP) model perform in calculating conformational energies of organic and biological molecules? , 2000 .

[24]  Siegfried Höfinger,et al.  Solving the Poisson–Boltzmann equation with the specialized computer chip MD‐GRAPE‐2 , 2005, J. Comput. Chem..

[25]  Cory Doctorow Big data: Welcome to the petacentre , 2008, Nature.

[26]  Ulrich H E Hansmann,et al.  Dispersion terms and analysis of size- and charge dependence in an enhanced Poisson-Boltzmann approach. , 2007, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[27]  T. N. Bhat,et al.  The Protein Data Bank , 2000, Nucleic Acids Res..

[28]  Wataru Shinoda,et al.  Large-Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Self-Assembling Systems , 2008, Science.

[29]  O. Schueler‐Furman,et al.  Progress in Modeling of Protein Structures and Interactions , 2005, Science.