The isometric responses of mammalian muscles
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THE researches of Hartree and Hill(l), Liddell and Sherrington(2), and Fulton(3) have produced much evidence bearing on the nature of the response of a muscle to a repetitive stimulus, i.e. a tetanus. Differences between the tetanic responses of "slow" and "fast" muscles have been described by Ranvier(4) and others(5) in the rabbit, by Fischer(6) in the rat and cat, and more recently by Denny-Brown(7) in various muscles of the cat, particularly soleus and gastrocnemius. During the further investigation of the building of a tetanus in the soleus, gastrocnemius, extensor digitorum longus, and internal rectus (eye) muscles of the cat, it was found that the records were being distorted by the effect of friction at the myograph bearing(s). When this source of error was removed or largely reduced, the record of the isometric twitch of each of these muscles was found to be a smooth curve showing neither " angle" nor "period of rigidity"(9). Such "frictionless" myographs' have been used for the experiments described in this paper, and, in so far as the frictional error allows, the results are confirmed by our more numerous experiments with the older instruments.
[1] V. Moorhouse. Muscular Contraction and the Reflex Control of Movement , 1927, Nature.
[2] J. Fulton. Muscular Contraction and the Reflex Control of Movement , 1928, The Indian Medical Gazette.