Change of paradigm in power electronic converters used in renewable energy applications

Recent investigations on the nature of power electronic converters in renewable energy applications have revealed that most of the converters are not what they are claimed to be. The voltage-type sources have dominated as power sources especially in the past. Therefore, most of the power electronic converters are developed and designed for such applications even if some of them are known as current-sourced converters. The rapidly growing number of renewable-energy-based distributed systems has forced to pay closer attention to the structure of those systems and especially on the nature of power electronic converters within the systems. This paper summarizes the recent findings and states that most of the power electronic converters within the renewable energy systems are real current-fed converters, which have totally different static and dynamic properties compared to the conventional voltage-fed converters.

[1]  Jian Sun,et al.  A study of renewable energy system harmonic resonance based on a DG test-bed , 2011, 2011 Twenty-Sixth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).

[2]  Teuvo Suntio,et al.  Implementing current-fed converters by adding an input capacitor at the input of voltage-fed converter for interfacing solar generator , 2010, Proceedings of 14th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference EPE-PEMC 2010.

[3]  M. Liserre,et al.  Stability of photovoltaic and wind turbine grid-connected inverters for a large set of grid impedance values , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[4]  D.G. Infield,et al.  Power quality from multiple grid-connected single-phase inverters , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[5]  A. Sannino,et al.  Low-Voltage DC Distribution System for Commercial Power Systems With Sensitive Electronic Loads , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[6]  Gianfranco Chicco,et al.  Experimental assessment of the waveform distortion in grid-connected photovoltaic installations , 2009 .

[7]  P. Thounthong,et al.  Fuel cell high-power applications , 2009, IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine.

[8]  Patric Kleineidam,et al.  Renewable power generation – a status report , 2009 .

[9]  Teuvo Suntio,et al.  Dynamic properties of PCM-controlled current-fed boost converter in photovoltaic system interfacing , 2011, Proceedings of the 2011 14th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.

[10]  B. Bose,et al.  Global Warming: Energy, Environmental Pollution, and the Impact of Power Electronics , 2010, IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine.

[11]  Frede Blaabjerg,et al.  Overview of Control and Grid Synchronization for Distributed Power Generation Systems , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[12]  Peter Zacharias,et al.  A Single-Stage PV Module Integrated Converter Based on a Low-Power Current-Source Inverter , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[13]  Jih-Sheng Lai,et al.  Design of a Photovoltaic Simulator With a Novel Reference Signal Generator and Two-Stage LC Output Filter , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[14]  Hirotaka Koizumi,et al.  Dynamic evaluation of maximum power point tracking operation with PV array simulator , 2003 .

[15]  R. D. Middlebrook,et al.  Input filter considerations in design and application of switching regulators. , 1976 .

[16]  Weidong Xiao,et al.  Topology Study of Photovoltaic Interface for Maximum Power Point Tracking , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[17]  Teuvo Suntio,et al.  Dynamic Properties and Stability Assessment of Current-Fed Converters in Photovoltaic Applications , 2011 .

[18]  M. Chinchilla,et al.  Control of permanent-magnet generators applied to variable-speed wind-energy systems connected to the grid , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[19]  David Infield,et al.  Current waveform quality from grid‐connected photovoltaic inverters and its dependence on operating conditions , 2000 .

[20]  P.J.M. Heskes,et al.  Harmonic interaction between a large number of distributed power inverters and the distribution network , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[21]  Bin Wu,et al.  An Overview of SMES Applications in Power and Energy Systems , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[22]  Tuomas Messo,et al.  Negative output impedance in three-phase grid-connected renewable energy source inverters based on reduced-order model , 2011 .

[23]  R.D. Middlebrook,et al.  Low-Frequency Characterization of Switched dc-dc Converters , 1972, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[24]  P. Sanchis,et al.  Electronic controlled device for the analysis and design of photovoltaic systems , 2005, IEEE Power Electronics Letters.

[25]  Marco Liserre,et al.  Grid Converters for Photovoltaic and Wind Power Systems , 2011 .

[26]  R. Dougal,et al.  Dynamic Multi-Physics Model for Solar Array , 2002 .

[27]  Michael Glass,et al.  Advancements in the design of solar-array to battery charge current regulators , 1977, 1977 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[28]  P.-C. Hsu,et al.  Analytical modelling of partial shading and different orientation of photovoltaic modules , 2010 .

[29]  R. Sevems,et al.  Circuit reinvention in power electronics and identification of prior work , 1997, Proceedings of APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference.

[30]  Slobodan Cuk.  General topological properties of switching structures , 1979, 1979 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[31]  Teuvo Suntio,et al.  Issues on Solar-Generator Interfacing With Current-Fed MPP-Tracking Converters , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[32]  Seddik Bacha,et al.  Cascaded DC–DC Converter Photovoltaic Systems: Power Optimization Issues , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[33]  Kasemsan Siri,et al.  Study of system instability in solar-array-based power systems , 2000, IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst..

[34]  Thomas J. Higgins.  Linear circuit theory : D.E. Taylor. 304 pages, 6×9 in. Sydney, Australia, New York, N.Y., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1972. Price $10.95 (approx. £4.00). , 1974 .

[35]  S. R. Bull,et al.  Renewable energy today and tomorrow , 2001, Proc. IEEE.

[36]  Benjamin Kroposki,et al.  A review of power electronics interfaces for distributed energy systems towards achieving low-cost modular design , 2009 .

[37]  Pablo Sanchis,et al.  On the testing, characterization, and evaluation of PV inverters and dynamic MPPT performance under real varying operating conditions , 2007 .

[38]  G. Garcera,et al.  Sensitivity Study of the Dynamics of Three-Phase Photovoltaic Inverters With an LCL Grid Filter , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[39]  J Leppäaho,et al.  Dynamic Characteristics of Current-Fed Superbuck Converter , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[40]  Geoffrey R. Walker,et al.  Cascaded DC-DC converter connection of photovoltaic modules , 2004 .

[41]  Marco Liserre,et al.  Study of the Effects of Inductor Nonlinear Behavior on the Performance of Current Controllers for Single-Phase PV Grid Converters , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[42]  Keith Hoffman,et al.  Real-time simulation of photovoltaic modules , 1996 .

[43]  Teuvo Suntio,et al.  Issues on Solar-Generator Interfacing with Voltage-Fed MPP-Tracking Converters , 2010 .

[44]  F. Blaabjerg,et al.  Power electronics as efficient interface in dispersed power generation systems , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[45]  Yang Chen,et al.  Three-Phase Boost-Type Grid-Connected Inverter , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[46]  T. Suntio,et al.  Dynamic Properties of Interconnected Power Systems - A System Theoretic Approach , 2006, 2006 1ST IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications.

[47]  R. Severns,et al.  Circuit reinvention in power electronics and identification of prior work , 2001 .

[48]  P. K. Sen,et al.  Benefits of Power Electronic Interfaces for Distributed Energy Systems , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[49]  M. Liserre,et al.  Future Energy Systems: Integrating Renewable Energy Sources into the Smart Power Grid Through Industrial Electronics , 2010, IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine.

[50]  Saifur Rahman,et al.  Green power: What is it and where can we find it? , 2003 .

[51]  Derek Abbott,et al.  Keeping the Energy Debate Clean: How Do We Supply the World's Energy Needs? , 2010, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[52]  Hae-Kon Nam,et al.  Development of photovoltaic simulator based on DC-DC converter , 2009, INTELEC 2009 - 31st International Telecommunications Energy Conference.

[53]  D. Luenberger.  A double look at duality , 1992 .

[54]  M. Valentin,et al.  Current Fed and Voltage Fed Switching DC/DC Converters - Steady State and Dynamic Models their Applications in Space Technology , 1983, INTELEC '83 - Fifth International Telecommunications Energy Conference.

[55]  J.H.R. Enslin.  Opportunities in hybrid energy networks using power electronic interfaces , 2005, 2005 International Conference on Future Power Systems.

[56]  Marcelo Gradella Villalva,et al.  Voltage regulation of photovoltaic arrays: small-signal analysis and control design , 2010 .

[57]  Massimo Vitelli,et al.  Distributed maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic arrays: Novel approach and system analysis , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[58]  Jian Sun,et al.  Renewable Energy Systems Instability Involving Grid-Parallel Inverters , 2009, 2009 Twenty-Fourth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.

[59]  M. Veerachary,et al.  Reliability Issues in Photovoltaic Power Processing Systems , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[60]  M. Sumner,et al.  Evaluation of Three-Phase Transformerless Photovoltaic Inverter Topologies , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[61]  E. Caamaño-Martín,et al.  Interaction Between Photovoltaic Distributed Generation and Electricity Networks , 2008 .

[62]  Kohji Kuwabara,et al.  A Pulse-Width Controlled DC-DC Converter Powered by a Constant-Current Source , 1984, INTELEC '84 - International Telecommunications Energy Conference.

[63]  Philip T. Krein,et al.  Analysis and applications of a current-sourced buck converter , 2007, APEC 07 - Twenty-Second Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.

[64]  M. Liserre,et al.  Evaluation of Current Controllers for Distributed Power Generation Systems , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[65]  F. Wang,et al.  Dc-link voltage control of full power converter for wind generator operating in weak grid systems , 2009, 2008 Twenty-Third Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.

[66]  Joung-Hu Park,et al.  Dual-Module-Based Maximum Power Point Tracking Control of Photovoltaic Systems , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[67]  Bruno Francois,et al.  Power Control Design of a Battery Charger in a Hybrid Active PV Generator for Load-Following Applications , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[68]  K. Nakamura,et al.  Ramp-Rate Control of Photovoltaic Generator With Electric Double-Layer Capacitor , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[69]  Zhe Chen,et al.  A Review of the State of the Art of Power Electronics for Wind Turbines , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[70]  Teuvo Suntio,et al.  Dynamic Profile of Switched-Mode Converter , 2009 .

[71]  Marcelo Gradella Villalva,et al.  Comprehensive Approach to Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Arrays , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[72]  M. Liserre,et al.  Renewable Energy Operation and Conversion Schemes: A Summary of Discussions During the Seminar on Renewable Energy Systems , 2010, IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine.