Human face detection in video using edge projections

In this paper, a human face detection algorithm in images and video is presented. After determining possible face candidate regions using colour information, each region is filtered by a high-pass filter of a wavelet transform. In this way, edges of the region are highlighted, and a caricature-like representation of candidate regions is obtained. Horizontal, vertical, filter-like and circular projections of the region are used as feature signals in support vector machine (SVM) based classifiers. It turns out that our feature extraction method provides good detection rates with SVM based classifiers.

[1]  Yoav Freund,et al.  A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting , 1997, EuroCOLT.

[2]  David G. Stork,et al.  Pattern Classification , 1973 .

[3]  R. Ansari,et al.  A class of linear-phase regular biorthogonal wavelets , 1992, [Proceedings] ICASSP-92: 1992 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing.

[4]  Stéphane Mallat,et al.  A Theory for Multiresolution Signal Decomposition: The Wavelet Representation , 1989, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[5]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  Neural Network-Based Face Detection , 1998, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[6]  Yoav Freund,et al.  A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting , 1995, EuroCOLT.

[7]  Monson H. Hayes,et al.  Face detection and recognition using hidden Markov models , 1998, Proceedings 1998 International Conference on Image Processing. ICIP98 (Cat. No.98CB36269).

[8]  Georgios Tziritas,et al.  Face Detection Using Quantized Skin Color Regions Merging and Wavelet Packet Analysis , 1999, IEEE Trans. Multim..

[9]  Steve J. Young,et al.  HMM-based architecture for face identification , 1994, Image Vis. Comput..

[10]  Shigeru Akamatsu,et al.  Comparative performance of different skin chrominance models and chrominance spaces for the automatic detection of human faces in color images , 2000, Proceedings Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (Cat. No. PR00580).

[11]  James M. Rehg,et al.  Statistical Color Models with Application to Skin Detection , 2004, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[12]  Hayit Greenspan,et al.  Mixture model for face-color modeling and segmentation , 2001, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[13]  Erik Hjelmås,et al.  Face Detection: A Survey , 2001, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[14]  P. Peer,et al.  Human skin color clustering for face detection , 2003, The IEEE Region 8 EUROCON 2003. Computer as a Tool..

[15]  David J. Kriegman,et al.  Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection , 1996, ECCV.

[16]  Azriel Rosenfeld,et al.  Face recognition: A literature survey , 2003, CSUR.

[17]  Bruno Jedynak,et al.  Maximum Entropy Models for Skin Detection , 2003, EMMCVPR.

[18]  G. A Theory for Multiresolution Signal Decomposition : The Wavelet Representation , 2004 .

[19]  A. Ardeshir Goshtasby,et al.  Detecting human faces in color images , 1998, Image Vis. Comput..

[20]  Vladimir N. Vapnik,et al.  The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory , 2000, Statistics for Engineering and Information Science.

[21]  Guodong Guo,et al.  Face recognition by support vector machines , 2000, Proceedings Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (Cat. No. PR00580).

[22]  Michael T. Orchard,et al.  Fast face detection using subspace discriminant wavelet features , 2000, Proceedings IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2000 (Cat. No.PR00662).

[23]  Biing-Hwang Juang,et al.  Fundamentals of speech recognition , 1993, Prentice Hall signal processing series.

[24]  Paul A. Viola,et al.  Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features , 2001, Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2001.

[25]  Jaakko Astola,et al.  Face detection by optimal atomic decomposition , 2005, SPIE Optics + Photonics.

[26]  Abdesselam Bouzerdoum,et al.  Skin segmentation using color pixel classification: analysis and comparison , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[27]  Shigeo Abe DrEng Pattern Classification , 2001, Springer London.

[28]  Corinna Cortes,et al.  Support-Vector Networks , 1995, Machine Learning.

[29]  Tomaso A. Poggio,et al.  Example-Based Learning for View-Based Human Face Detection , 1998, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[30]  Bernhard E. Boser,et al.  A training algorithm for optimal margin classifiers , 1992, COLT '92.

[31]  Vladimir Vezhnevets,et al.  A Survey on Pixel-Based Skin Color Detection Techniques , 2003 .

[32]  Bernt Schiele,et al.  Skin Patch Detection in Real-World Images , 2002, DAGM-Symposium.

[33]  Ingrid Daubechies,et al.  The wavelet transform, time-frequency localization and signal analysis , 1990, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[34]  Federico Girosi,et al.  Training support vector machines: an application to face detection , 1997, Proceedings of IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.