Monitoring high-ozone events in the US Intermountain West using TEMPO geostationary satellite observations

High-ozone events, approaching or exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), are fre- quently observed in the US Intermountain West in associa- tion with subsiding air from the free troposphere. Monitoring and attribution of these events is problematic because of the sparsity of the current network of surface measurements and lack of vertical information. We present an Observing Sys- tem Simulation Experiment (OSSE) to evaluate the ability of the future geostationary satellite instrument Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO), scheduled for launch in 2018-2019, to monitor and attribute high-ozone events in the Intermountain West through data assimilation. TEMPO will observe ozone in the ultraviolet (UV) and vis- ible (Vis) bands to provide sensitivity in the lower tropo- sphere. Our OSSE uses ozone data from the GFDL AM3 chemistry-climate model (CCM) as the "true" atmosphere and samples it for April-June 2010 with the current surface network (CASTNet -Clean Air Status and Trends Network- sites), a configuration designed to represent TEMPO, and a low Earth orbit (LEO) IR (infrared) satellite instrument. These synthetic data are then assimilated into the GEOS- Chem chemical transport model (CTM) using a Kalman fil- ter. Error correlation length scales (500 km in horizontal, 1.7 km in vertical) extend the range of influence of observa- tions. We show that assimilation of surface data alone does not adequately detect high-ozone events in the Intermoun- tain West. Assimilation of TEMPO data greatly improves the monitoring capability, with little information added from the LEO instrument. The vertical information from TEMPO fur- ther enables the attribution of NAAQS exceedances to back- ground ozone. This is illustrated with the case of a strato- spheric intrusion.

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