Curricular Considerations for Preparing Student Pharmacists to Prescribe Hormonal Contraception

In 2014, the pharmacist’s role in the United States expanded to include prescribing hormonal contraception, and this practice is currently addressed by policy in 14 states and the District of Columbia. Training and education requirements for this expanded scope of practice vary between states and are changing rapidly. The objective of this review is to examine how student pharmacists are taught to provide contraceptive care, specifically for prescribing ongoing hormonal contraception and emergency contraception, and to identify potential gaps in the United States pharmacy curricula related to contraception. Despite steady adoption into community pharmacy practice, there is sparse literature assessing educational methods used to teach contraceptive care. This review offers recommendations to promote consistent and comprehensive student pharmacist education in providing contraceptive care across institutions, regardless of state policy status.

[1]  Kathleen M. Vest,et al.  Effect of a Simulated Activity on Student Ability, Preparedness, and Confidence in Applying the Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process to Contraceptive Prescribing , 2020, Pharmacy.

[2]  Lisa Charneski,et al.  Student knowledge and confidence with prescribing hormonal contraception. , 2020, Currents in pharmacy teaching & learning.

[3]  S. El-Ibiary,et al.  Assessment of contraceptive curricula in US pharmacy programs. , 2020, Currents in pharmacy teaching & learning.

[4]  Kayce M. Shealy,et al.  Pharmacist self-perception of readiness to prescribe hormonal contraception and additional training needs. , 2019, Currents in pharmacy teaching & learning.

[5]  Mate M. Soric,et al.  2019 Update to the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Pharmacotherapy Didactic Curriculum Toolkit , 2020, Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy.

[6]  H. Shields,et al.  Case-Based Curriculum With Integrated Smartphone Applications Improves Internal Medicine Resident Knowledge Of Contraceptive Care , 2019, Advances in medical education and practice.

[7]  Tracy R. Frame,et al.  Pharmacists’ Perspectives on Prescribing and Expanding Access to Hormonal Contraception in Pharmacies in the United States , 2019, Journal of pharmacy practice.

[8]  Julie M. Chen,et al.  A New Contraception Curriculum in the Internal Medicine Residency Primary Care Clinic. , 2018, Military medicine.

[9]  J. Kavookjian,et al.  Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to determine pharmacy students' intention to participate in hormonal contraception counseling services. , 2018, Currents in pharmacy teaching & learning.

[10]  S. El-Ibiary,et al.  Implementation and evaluation of a women's reproductive health pharmacy elective. , 2018, Currents in pharmacy teaching & learning.

[11]  Ashley L. Hodges,et al.  Highlights From the U.S. Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use. , 2018, Nursing for women's health.

[12]  Kathleen M. Vest,et al.  Assessment of a simulated contraceptive prescribing activity for pharmacy students. , 2017, Currents in pharmacy teaching & learning.

[13]  Yu-Chuan Li,et al.  Using modified information delivery to enhance the traditional pharmacy OSCE program at TMU - a pilot study , 2017, Comput. Methods Programs Biomed..

[14]  I. Eardley,et al.  Existing and Future Educational Needs in Graduate and Postgraduate Education. , 2017, Journal of Sexual Medicine.

[15]  D. Hammond,et al.  The 2016 ACCP Pharmacotherapy Didactic Curriculum Toolkit , 2016, Pharmacotherapy.

[16]  Vicki Aaberg,et al.  The state of sexuality education in baccalaureate nursing programs. , 2016, Nurse education today.

[17]  S. Kochhar.  UK medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use , 2016 .

[18]  K. Curtis,et al.  U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2016. , 2016, MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports.

[19]  S. Wolter,et al.  The more, the better? The impact of instructional time on student performance , 2016, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[20]  M. McNamara,et al.  Emergency contraception: A multispecialty survey of clinician knowledge and practices. , 2016, Contraception.

[21]  S. El-Ibiary,et al.  California pharmacy student perceptions of confidence and curricular education to provide direct pharmacy access to hormonal contraception , 2014 .

[22]  Jeffrey C. Schiman,et al.  Instruction Time, Classroom Quality, and Academic Achievement , 2013 .

[23]  Kathleen M. Vest,et al.  Active-Learning Instruction on Emergency Contraception Counseling , 2013, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education.

[24]  S. El-Ibiary,et al.  Student pharmacist perspectives on providing pharmacy-access hormonal contraception services. , 2011, Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA.

[25]  E. Astbury-Ward.  A questionnaire survey of the provision of training in human sexuality in schools of nursing in the UK , 2011 .

[26]  E. Rubio-Aurioles,et al.  Education in sexual medicine: proceedings from the international consultation in sexual medicine, 2009. , 2010, The journal of sexual medicine.

[27]  Victor Lavy.  Do Differences in Schools' Instruction Time Explain International Achievement Gaps? Evidence from Developed and Developing Countries , 2010 .

[28]  S. Borrero,et al.  Providers' perspectives on challenges to contraceptive counseling in primary care settings. , 2010, Journal of women's health.

[29]  Diana Foster,et al.  Pharmacist interest in and attitudes toward direct pharmacy access to hormonal contraception in the United States. , 2009, Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA.

[30]  D. Stranton,et al.  Student pharmacist knowledge and attitudes regarding oral emergency contraception. , 2007, Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA.

[31]  M. P. Tapias,et al.  Birth control within reach: a national survey on women's attitudes toward and interest in pharmacy access to hormonal contraception. , 2006, Contraception.

[32]  R. Ness,et al.  Training and attitudes about contraceptive management across primary care specialties: a survey of graduating residents. , 2005, Contraception.

[33]  R. Rosen,et al.  Sexual communication skills in residency training: the Robert Wood Johnson model. , 2006, The journal of sexual medicine.

[34]  R. Lewis,et al.  The human sexuality education of physicians in North American medical schools , 2003, International Journal of Impotence Research.

[35]  N. Woods,et al.  Sexuality in the baccalaureate nursing curriculum. , 1976, Nursing forum.