Nondestructive evaluation of aircraft composites using terahertz time domain spectroscopy

Terahertz time domain spectroscopy was used for nondestructive evaluation of aircraft glass fiber composites stressed with bending and heating damage. Refractive index and absorption coefficients were measured for both damaged and undamaged composites. The two dimensional extent of the heat damage could be shown with either a simple phase or amplitude terahertz imaging technique.

[1]  D. Grischkowsky,et al.  Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy characterization of the far-infrared absorption and index of refraction of high-resistivity, float-zone silicon , 2004 .

[2]  M. Nuss,et al.  Imaging with terahertz waves. , 1995, Optics letters.

[3]  Robert R. Alfano,et al.  Terahertz absorption spectrum of para and ortho water vapors at different humidities at room temperature , 2006 .

[4]  S. Wietzkea,et al.  Determination of additive content in polymeric compounds with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy , 2007 .

[5]  T. Yasui,et al.  Terahertz paintmeter for noncontact monitoring of thickness and drying progress in paint film. , 2005, Applied optics.

[6]  S. J. Allen,et al.  Absorption spectra of liquid water and aqueous buffers between 0.3 and 3.72 THz. , 2006, The Journal of chemical physics.

[7]  Joo-Hiuk Son,et al.  Terahertz electrical and optical characteristics of double-walled carbon nanotubes and their comparison with single-walled carbon nanotubes , 2007 .

[8]  K. Peiponen,et al.  Efficient dispersion relations for terahertz spectroscopy , 2006 .

[9]  D. Mittleman,et al.  Defect modes in photonic crystals studied using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy , 2004, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2004. (CLEO)..

[10]  Uffe Møller,et al.  Characterization of aqueous alcohol solutions in bottles with THz reflection spectroscopy. , 2008, Optics express.

[11]  C. Brosseau,et al.  Effective complex permittivity of two-phase random composite media: A test of the two exponent phenomenological percolation equation , 2008 .

[12]  J. Pendry,et al.  EFFECTIVE MEDIUM THEORY OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF ALIGNED CARBON NANOTUBES , 1997, cond-mat/9705110.

[13]  Scattering by a dense layer of infinite cylinders at normal incidence. , 2008, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[14]  Harold Y. Hwang,et al.  Fiber laser pumped high average power single-cycle terahertz pulse source , 2008 .

[15]  X. Zhang,et al.  Pulsed terahertz tomography , 2004 .

[16]  N. Karpowicz,et al.  Damage and defect inspection with terahertz waves , 2006 .

[17]  Jean-Claude Diels,et al.  Ultrashort Laser Pulse Phenomena , 1996 .

[18]  S. Sze Semiconductor Devices: Physics and Technology , 1985 .

[19]  Amnon Yariv,et al.  Optical Waves in Crystals: Propagation and Control of Laser Radiation , 1983 .

[20]  Lionel Duvillaret,et al.  Time-domain terahertz study of defect formation in one-dimensional photonic crystals. , 2004, Applied optics.

[21]  Joo-Hiuk Son,et al.  Terahertz optical and electrical properties of hydrogen-functionalized carbon nanotubes , 2007 .

[22]  M. Naftaly,et al.  A method for removing etalon oscillations from THz time-domain spectra , 2007 .

[23]  Richard Baraniuk,et al.  Material parameter estimation with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. , 2001, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[24]  P. C. Upadhya,et al.  Pulsed Terahertz Signal Reconstruction , 2007 .

[25]  Derek Abbott,et al.  Material parameter extraction for terahertz time-domain spectroscopy using fixed-point iteration , 2005, SPIE Microtechnologies.

[26]  Uwe Ewert,et al.  Terahertz birefringence of liquid crystal polymers , 2006 .

[27]  Daniel R. Grischkowsky,et al.  Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy Study of Silica Aerogels and Adsorbed Molecular Vapors , 2004 .

[28]  H. Kurz,et al.  Distortion of terahertz pulses in electro-optic sampling , 1998 .

[29]  D. Mittleman,et al.  Characterization of guided resonances in photonic crystal slabs using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy , 2006 .

[30]  C. Otani,et al.  Terahertz imaging system based on a backward-wave oscillator. , 2004, Applied optics.

[31]  D. Mittleman,et al.  Two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs in parallel-plate metal waveguides studied with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy , 2005 .

[32]  M. Koch,et al.  Highly accurate optical material parameter determination with THz time-domain spectroscopy. , 2007, Optics express.

[33]  Yamac Dikmelik,et al.  Effects of surface roughness on reflection spectra obtained by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. , 2006, Optics letters.

[34]  M. Khazan,et al.  Optical properties of glasses and ceramics for Terahertz-technology , 2000, Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505).

[35]  Tangali S. Sudarshan,et al.  Nondestructive defect delineation in SiC wafers based on an optical stress technique , 2002 .

[36]  Ramon Gonzalo,et al.  Measurement of the dielectric constant and loss tangent of high dielectric-constant materials at terahertz frequencies , 2003 .

[37]  Frank Rutz,et al.  Quality control of polymeric compounds using terahertz imaging , 2005, SPIE OPTO.

[38]  Jerry R. Meyer,et al.  Terahertz emission, detection, and military applications , 2004, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing.

[39]  Doyeun Kim,et al.  Dielectric constant engineering with polymethylmethacrylate-graphite metastate composites in the terahertz region , 2006 .

[40]  Won Jun Choi,et al.  Measurement of carrier concentration captured by InAs∕GaAs quantum dots using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy , 2007 .

[41]  R. E. Miles,et al.  Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of silicate glasses and the relationship to material properties , 2007 .

[42]  J. Coutaz,et al.  Highly precise determination of optical constants and sample thickness in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. , 1999, Applied optics.

[43]  T. P. Wallace The scattering of light and other electromagnetic radiation by Milton Kerker. Academic Press, New York, 1969. 666 + xv pp. $33.50 , 1970 .

[44]  Adam Cooney,et al.  Advanced imaging of hidden damage under aircraft coatings , 2006, SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[45]  Charles A Schmuttenmaer,et al.  Conductivity of ZnO nanowires, nanoparticles, and thin films using time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy. , 2006, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[46]  Gerald C. Holst,et al.  Sampling, Aliasing, and Data Fidelity for Electronic Imaging Systems, Communications, and Data Acquisition , 1998 .

[47]  Ahn,et al.  Effective-medium theories for spheroidal particles randomly oriented on a plane: Application to the optical properties of a SiC whisker-Al2O3 composite. , 1995, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[48]  Xinlong Xu,et al.  Deviation of optical constants extracted in terahertz transmission spectroscopy. , 2006, Applied optics.

[49]  M. Koch,et al.  Scattering Analysis for the Modeling of THz Communication Systems , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[50]  Daniel M Mittleman,et al.  Scale model experimentation: using terahertz pulses to study light scattering. , 2002, Physics in medicine and biology.

[51]  Bayesian approach to non-Gaussian field statistics for diffusive broadband terahertz pulses. , 2005, Optics letters.

[52]  E. Tuncer,et al.  Application of the spectral density function method to a composite system , 2006 .

[53]  E. Madaras,et al.  Nondestructive defect identification with terahertz time-of-flight tomography , 2005, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[54]  Nonstationary Time-Domain Statistics of Multiply Scattered Broadband Terahertz Pulses , 2006 .

[55]  Daniel M Mittleman,et al.  Propagation of terahertz pulses in random media , 2003, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

[56]  Eric I. Madaras,et al.  Terahertz NDE for metallic surface roughness evaluation , 2006, SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[57]  T. Elsaesser,et al.  Generation of single-cycle THz transients with high electric-field amplitudes. , 2005, Optics letters.

[58]  D. E. Aspnes,et al.  The Accurate Determination of Optical Properties by Ellipsometry , 1997 .

[59]  D. Abbott,et al.  Simple material parameter estimation via terahertz time-domain spectroscopy , 2005 .

[60]  Richard G. Baraniuk,et al.  Imaging with THz pulses , 2000, Proceedings 2000 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. No.00CH37101).

[61]  Toshiro Kubota,et al.  An automated defect detection system for silicon carbide wafers , 2002, Proceedings IEEE SoutheastCon 2002 (Cat. No.02CH37283).

[62]  Michael Kennedy,et al.  Military Airframe Costs. The Effects of Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Processes , 2001 .

[63]  J. Na Ultrasonic Inspection of Thin High Performance Composite Structures , 2007 .

[64]  D. Mittleman Sensing with terahertz radiation , 2003 .

[65]  M. Menu,et al.  Terahertz imaging for non-destructive evaluation of mural paintings , 2008 .

[66]  M. Koch,et al.  Detection of foreign bodies in chocolate with pulsed terahertz spectroscopy , 2008 .

[67]  Wai Lam Chan,et al.  Imaging with terahertz radiation , 2007 .

[68]  J. Coutaz,et al.  Independent determination of the complex refractive index and wave impedance by time-domain terahertz spectroscopy , 2006 .

[69]  M. T. Reiten,et al.  Nondestructive evaluation of ceramic materials using terahertz impulse ranging , 2006, SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[70]  M. Koch,et al.  TERAHERTZ QUALITY CONTROL OF POLYMERIC PRODUCTS , 2007 .

[71]  M. Koch,et al.  Terahertz characterisation of building materials , 2005 .

[72]  Haim Grebel,et al.  Optical and electronic characteristics of single walled carbon nanotubes and silicon nanoclusters by tetrahertz spectroscopy , 2004 .

[73]  J. M. Chamberlain,et al.  Propagation of terahertz radiation through random structures: An alternative theoretical approach and experimental validation , 2007 .

[74]  Kenneth J. Chau,et al.  Terahertz propagation in non-homogeneous strongly scattering media , 2005, SPIE OPTO.

[75]  B. Fischer,et al.  Dynamic range in terahertz time-domain transmission and reflection spectroscopy. , 2005, Optics letters.

[76]  M. Koch,et al.  Terahertz imaging: a new non-destructive technique for the quality control of plastic weld joints , 2007 .

[77]  Shaohong Wang,et al.  T-rays identify defects in insulating-materials , 2004, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2004. (CLEO)..