A mapping study on empirical evidence related to the models and forms used in the uml

Context: Although the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is now widely used, there is little empirical knowledge about the effectiveness of its different elements. Objectives: To conduct a systematic review of the literature describing empirical studies of this paradigm. Method: We undertook a Mapping Study of the literature, based upon electronic searching of major digital libraries. Results: 33 papers have been identified and classified by topic, form of study involved, and type of publication. Conclusions: The largest group of empirical studies of the UML concentrate on comprehension, and many key aspects have hardly been investigated at all.