Basophil mast cell and eosinophil growth and differentiation factors in human allergic disease

Cytokines are a large class of protein molecules which serve a central role in haemopoietic differentiation and immunological regulation. Both rodent and human cytokines have been identified biologically, purified, niolecularly cloned and expressed in eukaryotic systems [i-7]. Purification and molecular cloning of these molecules has precipitated a reassessment oi' our concepts concerning regulation of cell growth and differentiation; whereas il was once thought that responses were cell typerestricted, it is now felt that eytokine specificity (production or response) is rarely observed. A discussion of haemopoietic/immunologlcal/inflammatory cytokines must today deal wilh interleukins I -7. colony stimulating factors of the mixed type (IL-3, GM-CSF). those more restricted in activity (G-CSF. M-CSF). and a variety of factors identified in helerologous biological systems, including: nerve growth factor (NGF), tumour necrosis factor (TNF). transforming growth factor (TGF), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), neurotensin. histamine releasing factors (HRFs), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the interferons (IFNa./f.-;).

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