A Trust and Reputation Model Considering Overall Peer Consulting Distribution

In new widespread peer-to-peer (P2P) systems, peers are exposed to great risk due to frequent trading with unfamiliar peers. Therefore, trust and reputation mechanisms become important issues. For computational efficiency, this paper focuses on localized information trust/reputation mechanisms. Previous studies have not paid much attention to the overall distribution of peer interactions. Based on the scale-free feature of real-world networks, we introduce a power-law distribution of the number of neighbors in P2P trust and reputation systems. To rigorously distinguish the effects of the overall considerations introduced herein, we compare the model proposed in this paper with models in previous studies under the same set of parameters. Simulation results show that the proposed model can discern a small difference between real quality of service (QoS) and other peers' feedback while distinguishing the malicious peers, even when the exaggeration coefficient is high. When one or a group of peers change their QoS, the model exhibits a quick reaction to this change. This response is demonstrated by a rapid decrease in reliability when the QoS change is downward and a slow increase when the change is upward. A slow reaction to the upward QoS change may exclude those peers who frequently change their QoS and encourage consistent reliable service providers.

[1]  Paul Resnick,et al.  Reputation systems , 2000, CACM.

[2]  Michael Rovatsos,et al.  Using trust for detecting deceitful agents in artificial societies , 2000, Appl. Artif. Intell..

[3]  Philippe De Wilde,et al.  The Emergence of Knowledge Exchange: An Agent-Based Model of a Software Market , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans.

[4]  Scott Dick,et al.  How Do We Build Trust into E-commerce Web Sites? , 2008, IEEE Software.

[5]  Javier López,et al.  A scale based trust model for multi-context environments , 2010, Comput. Math. Appl..

[6]  Karl Aberer,et al.  Probabilistic prediction of peers' performance in P2P networks , 2005, Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell..

[7]  Kai Hwang,et al.  GossipTrust for Fast Reputation Aggregation in Peer-to-Peer Networks , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering.

[8]  Audun Jøsang,et al.  A survey of trust and reputation systems for online service provision , 2007, Decis. Support Syst..

[9]  Elisa Bertino,et al.  Secure knowledge management: confidentiality, trust, and privacy , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans.

[10]  Yan Wang,et al.  Reputation-Oriented Trustworthy Computing in E-Commerce Environments , 2008, IEEE Internet Computing.

[11]  Athman Bouguettaya,et al.  Reputation Bootstrapping for Trust Establishment among Web Services , 2009, IEEE Internet Computing.

[12]  Julita Vassileva,et al.  Trust and reputation model in peer-to-peer networks , 2003, Proceedings Third International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing (P2P2003).

[13]  Sandip Sen,et al.  Robustness of reputation-based trust: boolean case , 2002, AAMAS '02.

[14]  Chrysanthos Dellarocas,et al.  The Digitization of Word-of-Mouth: Promise and Challenges of Online Feedback Mechanisms , 2003, Manag. Sci..

[15]  Félix Gómez Mármol,et al.  Towards pre-standardization of trust and reputation models for distributed and heterogeneous systems , 2010, Comput. Stand. Interfaces.

[16]  Albert,et al.  Emergence of scaling in random networks , 1999, Science.

[17]  Pinar Yolum,et al.  Achieving Trust via Service Graphs , 2003 .

[18]  Reza Zafarani,et al.  Can reputation migrate? On the propagation of reputation in multi-context communities , 2009, Knowl. Based Syst..

[19]  Akbar Ghaffarpour Rahbar,et al.  PowerTrust: A Robust and Scalable Reputation System for Trusted Peer-to-Peer Computing , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[20]  François Fouss,et al.  A probabilistic reputation model based on transaction ratings , 2010, Inf. Sci..

[21]  B. Esfandiari,et al.  On How Agents Make Friends: Mechanisms for Trust Acquisition , 2000 .

[22]  Jie Wu,et al.  Uncertainty Modeling and Reduction in MANETs , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[23]  Jordi Sabater-Mir,et al.  Review on Computational Trust and Reputation Models , 2005, Artificial Intelligence Review.

[24]  Jyun-Cheng Wang,et al.  Recommending trusted online auction sellers using social network analysis , 2008, Expert Syst. Appl..

[25]  Bruce Edmonds,et al.  Applying a socially inspired technique (tags) to improve cooperation in P2P networks , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans.

[26]  Ernesto Damiani,et al.  Choosing reputable servents in a P2P network , 2002, WWW.

[27]  Ali A. Ghorbani,et al.  Reputation Formalization for an Information–Sharing Multi–Agent System , 2002, Comput. Intell..

[28]  Ling Liu,et al.  PeerTrust: supporting reputation-based trust for peer-to-peer electronic communities , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering.

[29]  Bharat K. Bhargava,et al.  Trust-based privacy preservation for peer-to-peer data sharing , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans.

[30]  Tharam S. Dillon,et al.  Applying a Fuzzy Trust Model to E-Commerce Systems , 2005, Australian Conference on Artificial Intelligence.

[31]  Gang Chen,et al.  Heuristic Discovery of Role-Based Trust Chains in Peer-to-Peer Networks , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[32]  Ling Liu,et al.  The SocialTrust framework for trusted social information management: Architecture and algorithms , 2010, Inf. Sci..

[33]  Yolanda Gil,et al.  A survey of trust in computer science and the Semantic Web , 2007, J. Web Semant..

[34]  Jian Wang,et al.  Cooperativeness prediction in P2P networks , 2008, Expert Syst. Appl..

[35]  Munindar P. Singh,et al.  Engineering self-organizing referral networks for trustworthy service selection , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans.

[36]  Julita Vassileva,et al.  Bayesian Network-Based Trust Model in Peer-to-Peer Networks , 2003 .

[37]  Munindar P. Singh,et al.  Detecting deception in reputation management , 2003, AAMAS '03.

[38]  Laurent Vercouter,et al.  A specification of the Agent Reputation and Trust (ART) testbed: experimentation and competition for trust in agent societies , 2005, AAMAS '05.

[39]  Félix Gómez Mármol,et al.  Security threats scenarios in trust and reputation models for distributed systems , 2009, Comput. Secur..

[40]  A. Barabasi,et al.  Scale-free characteristics of random networks: the topology of the world-wide web , 2000 .

[41]  Kamal Kant Bharadwaj,et al.  Fuzzy computational models for trust and reputation systems , 2009, Electron. Commer. Res. Appl..

[42]  Vincenza Carchiolo,et al.  Reliable peers and useful resources: Searching for the best personalised learning path in a trust- and recommendation-aware environment , 2010, Inf. Sci..

[43]  Ian T. Foster,et al.  Mapping the Gnutella Network , 2002, IEEE Internet Comput..

[44]  Hector Garcia-Molina,et al.  The Eigentrust algorithm for reputation management in P2P networks , 2003, WWW '03.

[45]  Saeedeh Shekarpour,et al.  Modeling and evaluation of trust with an extension in semantic web , 2010, J. Web Semant..

[46]  Ross A. Malaga.  Web-Based Reputation Management Systems: Problems and Suggested Solutions , 2001, Electron. Commer. Res..

[47]  Qing Zhang,et al.  A Classification Scheme for Trust Functions in Reputation-Based Trust Management , 2004, Trust@ISWC.

[48]  Yufeng Wang,et al.  Poisonedwater: An improved approach for accurate reputation ranking in P2P networks , 2010, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[49]  Munindar P. Singh,et al.  Developing trust in large-scale peer-to-peer systems , 2004, IEEE First Symposium onMulti-Agent Security and Survivability, 2004.

[50]  Danijela Cabric,et al.  Reputation-based cooperative spectrum sensing with trusted nodes assistance , 2010, IEEE Communications Letters.