The measurement of wisdom: A preliminary effort

The Foundational Value Scale (FVS) is a newly developed assessment device to measure the construct of wisdom. Factor analysis of this scale indicated five components: Harmony, Warmth, Intelligence, Nature, and Spiritual. The factors had adequate internal reliability and test–retest reliability. These dimensions were only slightly related to several other constructs (e.g., stress and depression). The FVS was not significantly related to approval motivation. The FVS appears to be a useful scale that taps several wisdom-related dimensions. Better knowledge about wisdom could be potentially useful in understanding topics about which community psychologists have particular interest. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

[1]  T. Kamarck,et al.  Measuring the Functional Components of Social Support , 1985 .

[2]  C. Ellison Spiritual Well-Being: Conceptualization and Measurement , 1983 .

[3]  U. Staudinger,et al.  Wisdom-related knowledge in a life review task: age differences and the role of professional specialization. , 1992, Psychology and aging.

[4]  D. Hay,et al.  Reports of Esctatic, Paranormal, or Religious Experience in Great Britain and the United States-A Comparison of Trends* , 1978 .

[5]  Richard Friedman,et al.  Health outcomes and a new index of spiritual experience. , 1991 .

[6]  C. Carver,et al.  Optimism, coping, and health: assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. , 2009, Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association.

[7]  James V. Mitchell The Structure and Predictive Efficacy of an Empirical Model of the Value-Attitude System as Postulated by Rokeach. , 1976 .

[8]  P. Storace Varieties of religious experience , 1985 .

[9]  Tony Schwartz What really matters : searching for wisdom in America , 1996 .

[10]  T. Kamarck,et al.  A global measure of perceived stress. , 1983, Journal of health and social behavior.

[11]  H. Benson,et al.  An Inventory of Positive Psychological Attitudes with potential relevance to health outcomes: validation and preliminary testing. , 1991, Behavioral medicine.

[12]  R. Hood Religious Orientation and the Report of Religious Experience , 1970 .

[13]  L. Jason Community Building: Values for a Sustainable Future , 1997 .

[14]  D. Marlowe,et al.  A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. , 1960, Journal of consulting psychology.

[15]  R. Hood The Construction and Preliminary Validation of a Measure of Reported Mystical Experience , 1975 .

[16]  A. Antonovsky Unraveling the mystery of health: how people manage stress and stay well , 1987 .

[17]  M. A. Burkhardt Spirituality: An analysis of the concept , 1989, Holistic nursing practice.

[18]  L. Radloff The CES-D Scale , 1977 .

[19]  R. Hood Psychological Strength and the Report of Intense Religious Experience , 1974 .

[20]  T. Berry The dream of the earth , 1988 .

[21]  James R. Hall,et al.  Personality Correlates of the Report of Mystical Experience , 1979 .

[22]  R. Hood DIFFERENTIAL TRIGGERING OF MYSTICAL EXPERIENCE AS A FUNCTION OF SELF ACTUALIZATION , 1977 .