Polymer-demixed nanotopography: control of fibroblast spreading and proliferation.

Cell response to nanometric scale topography is a growing field. Nanometric topography production has traditionally relied on expensive and time-consuming techniques such as electron beam lithography. This presents disadvantages to the cell biologist in regard to material availability. New research is focusing on less expensive methods of nanotopography production for in vitro cell engineering. One such method is the spontaneous demixing of polymers (in this case polystyrene and polybromostyrene) to produce nanometrically high islands. This article observes fibroblast response to nanometric islands (13, 35, and 95 nm in height) produced by polymer demixing. Changes in cell morphology, cytoskeleton, and proliferation are observed by light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy. Morphological features produced by cells in response to the materials were selected, and cell shape parameters were measured with shape-recognition software. The results showed that island height could either increase or reduce cell spreading and proliferation in relation to control, with 13-nm islands producing cells with the greatest area and 95 nm islands producing cells with the lowest areas. Interaction of filopodia with the islands could been seen to increase as island size was increased.

[1]  T. A. Desai,et al.  Micro- and nanoscale structures for tissue engineering constructs. , 2000, Medical engineering & physics.

[2]  Sheila J. Jones,et al.  Topographically induced bone formation in vitro: implications for bone implants and bone grafts. , 1996, Bone.

[3]  A. Curtis,et al.  CONTROL OF CELL BEHAVIOR: TOPOLOGICAL FACTORS. , 1964, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[4]  B. Dalton,et al.  Modulation of corneal epithelial stratification by polymer surface topography. , 1999, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[5]  T. Springer,et al.  Interface properties of blends of incompatible polymers , 1994 .

[6]  C. Vacanti,et al.  An overview of tissue engineered bone. , 1999, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[7]  Focal adhesion kinase in integrin-mediated signaling. , 1999 .

[8]  M. Stamm,et al.  The effect of molecular weight on the topography of thin films of blends of poly(4-bromostyrene) and polystyrene , 2000 .

[9]  Richard A. Pethrick,et al.  Surface Topography and Composition of Deuterated Polystyrene-Poly(bromostyrene) Blends , 1996 .

[10]  J. Jansen,et al.  Effect of microgrooved poly-l-lactic (PLA) surfaces on proliferation, cytoskeletal organization, and mineralized matrix formation of rat bone marrow cells. , 2000, Clinical oral implants research.

[11]  J. Bard,et al.  Fibroblast-collagen interactions in the formation of the secondary stroma of the chick cornea , 1977, The Journal of cell biology.

[12]  W. Bonfield,et al.  In vitro mechanical and biological assessment of hydroxyapatite-reinforced polyethylene composite , 1997, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[13]  J. Löfberg,et al.  Neural crest cell migration in relation to extracellular matrix organization in the embryonic axolotl trunk. , 1980, Developmental biology.

[14]  I. Rehman,et al.  Characterization of hydroxyapatite and carbonated apatite by photo acoustic FTIR spectroscopy , 1997, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[15]  W. Bonfield,et al.  Initial interaction of osteoblasts with the surface of a hydroxyapatite-poly(methylmethacrylate) cement. , 2001, Biomaterials.

[16]  A Curtis,et al.  Topographical control of cells. , 1997, Biomaterials.

[17]  K. Vuori Integrin Signaling: Tyrosine Phosphorylation Events in Focal Adhesions , 1998, The Journal of Membrane Biology.

[18]  G. Majno,et al.  Cells, tissues, and disease : principles of general pathology , 1996 .

[19]  A S G Curtis,et al.  In vitro reaction of endothelial cells to polymer demixed nanotopography. , 2002, Biomaterials.

[20]  M. Riehle,et al.  Fibroblast signaling events in response to nanotopography: a gene array study. , 2002, IEEE transactions on nanobioscience.

[21]  A Curtis,et al.  Tissue engineering: the biophysical background. , 2001, Physics in medicine and biology.

[22]  K. Burridge,et al.  Focal adhesions, contractility, and signaling. , 1996, Annual review of cell and developmental biology.

[23]  J. Lausmaa,et al.  Interactions between human whole blood and modified TiO2-surfaces: influence of surface topography and oxide thickness on leukocyte adhesion and activation. , 2001, Biomaterials.

[24]  B. Boyan,et al.  Local factor production by MG63 osteoblast-like cells in response to surface roughness and 1,25-(OH)2D3 is mediated via protein kinase C- and protein kinase A-dependent pathways. , 2001, Biomaterials.

[25]  C J Murphy,et al.  Effects of synthetic micro- and nano-structured surfaces on cell behavior. , 1999, Biomaterials.

[26]  G. W. Davies,et al.  Surface topography and HA filler volume effect on primary human osteoblasts in vitro , 2000, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[27]  B. Kasemo,et al.  Surface science aspects on inorganic biomaterials , 1986 .

[28]  B. Kasemo,et al.  Material-tissue interfaces: the role of surface properties and processes. , 1994, Environmental health perspectives.

[29]  D. Williams,et al.  Albumin adsorption on metal surfaces. , 1988, Biomaterials.

[30]  S. Haskill,et al.  Signal transduction from the extracellular matrix , 1993, The Journal of cell biology.

[31]  C. Wilkinson,et al.  Reactions of cells to topography. , 1998, Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition.

[32]  L. Weiss,et al.  Cell and tissue biology : a textbook of histology , 1988 .

[33]  A Curtis,et al.  Nantotechniques and approaches in biotechnology. , 2001, Trends in biotechnology.

[34]  W. Nachtigall,et al.  Influence of the surface structure of titanium materials on the adhesion of fibroblasts. , 1996, Biomaterials.

[35]  A. Curtis,et al.  Rapid fibroblast adhesion to 27nm high polymer demixed nano-topography. , 2004, Biomaterials.

[36]  Matthew J Dalby,et al.  Nucleus alignment and cell signaling in fibroblasts: response to a micro-grooved topography. , 2003, Experimental cell research.

[37]  T. Webster,et al.  Enhanced osteoclast-like cell functions on nanophase ceramics. , 2001, Biomaterials.

[38]  X. D. Zhu,et al.  Three-dimensional nano-HAp/collagen matrix loading with osteogenic cells in organ culture. , 1999, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[39]  M. Stamm,et al.  Topography and Surface Composition of Thin Films of Blends of Polystyrene with Brominated Polystyrenes: Effects of Varying the Degree of Bromination and Annealing , 1998 .

[40]  A. Curtis,et al.  Nonadhesive nanotopography: fibroblast response to poly(n-butyl methacrylate)-poly(styrene) demixed surface features. , 2003, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[41]  D. Williams,et al.  The spatial resolution of protein adsorption on surfaces of heterogeneous metallic biomaterials. , 1989, Journal of biomedical materials research.