The Impact of Anthropogenic Heat on Formation of Urban Heat Island and Energy Consumption Balance

This paper investigates the impact of anthropogenic heat on formation of urban heat island (UHI) and also determines which factors can directly affect energy use in the city. It explores literally the conceptual framework of confliction between anthropogenic heat and urban structure, which produced UHI intensity and affected energy consumption balance. It then discusses how these two factors can be affected and gives implication to the city and then focuses on whether actions should be taken for balancing adaptation and mitigation of UHI effects. It will be concluded by making the three important strategies to minimise the impact of UHI on energy consumption: landscaping, using albedo materials on external surfaces of buildings and urban areas, and promoting natural ventilation.

[1]  C. S. B. Grimmond,et al.  An urban canyon energy budget model and its application to urban storage heat flux modeling , 1998 .

[2]  L. Gartland,et al.  Heat Islands: Understanding and Mitigating Heat in Urban Areas , 2008 .

[3]  Howard A. Bridgman,et al.  Urban biophysical environments , 1995 .

[4]  Matthias Roth,et al.  Effects of Cities on Local Climates , 2002 .

[5]  D. Asimakopoulos Energy and Climate in the Urban Built Environment , 2001 .

[6]  Valéry Masson,et al.  A Physically-Based Scheme For The Urban Energy Budget In Atmospheric Models , 2000 .

[7]  T. Oke The energetic basis of the urban heat island , 1982 .

[8]  S. Grimmond Urbanization and global environmental change: local effects of urban warming , 2007 .

[9]  T. Oke Canyon geometry and the nocturnal urban heat island: Comparison of scale model and field observations , 1981 .

[10]  J. Kalma,et al.  Solar dimming and urban heating at Hong Kong , 1995 .

[11]  David J. Sailor,et al.  A top-down methodology for developing diurnal and seasonal anthropogenic heating profiles for urban areas , 2004 .

[12]  T. Oke The urban energy balance , 1988 .

[13]  M Rohinton Emmanuel,et al.  An Urban Approach To Climate Sensitive Design: Strategies for the Tropics , 2004 .

[14]  Gordon B. Bonan,et al.  Ecological Climatology: Concepts and Applications , 2002 .

[15]  J. Monteith,et al.  Boundary Layer Climates. , 1979 .

[16]  Jerald A. Brotzge,et al.  Examination of the Surface Energy Budget: A Comparison of Eddy Correlation and Bowen Ratio Measurement Systems , 2003 .

[17]  I. D. Watson,et al.  Simulation of surface urban heat islands under ‘ideal’ conditions at night part 2: Diagnosis of causation , 1991 .

[18]  Huizhi Liu,et al.  Observational and numerical studies of wintertime urban boundary layer , 2000 .

[19]  A. Christen,et al.  Energy and radiation balance of a central European city , 2004 .

[20]  C. S. B. Grimmond,et al.  Temporal variations in heat fluxes over a central European city centre , 2006 .

[21]  Stanley Q. Kidder,et al.  Urban Heat Island Modeling in Conjunction with Satellite-Derived Surface/Soil Parameters , 1999 .

[22]  H. Taha Urban climates and heat islands: albedo, evapotranspiration, and anthropogenic heat , 1997 .

[23]  H. Landsberg Urban Climate , 2011, Urban Ecology for Citizens and Planners.

[24]  J. Peterson The climate of cities : a survey of recent literature , 1969 .

[25]  Philip W. Suckling The Energy Balance Microclimate of a Suburban Lawn , 1980 .

[26]  C. Grimmond The suburban energy balance: Methodological considerations and results for a mid-latitude west coast city under winter and spring conditions , 1992 .

[27]  Baruch Givoni,et al.  Climate considerations in building and urban design , 1998 .

[28]  Derek O. Lee,et al.  Urban climates , 1984 .

[29]  E. Yamashita,et al.  Nitrogen-oxide layer over the urban heat island in Okayama City , 1996 .