Object-oriented graph grammars for computational design synthesis

The research field of Computational Design Synthesis (CDS) aims to support product development through formalization and automation of knowledge-intensive design tasks, e. g., to increase development efficiency and innovative power. However, CDS still has little acceptance in industry primarily due to the high effort required for knowledge and task formalization. To address this challenge, the thesis introduces object-oriented graph grammars combining rule- and model-based knowledge formalization to enable the generation of complex, graph-based product architectures. Further, a method for the automated formalization of physical effects from paper-based design catalogues is presented. The methods are validated on two case studies for the synthesis of automotive hybrid powertrains and aircraft cabin layouts using the developed software framework booggie.

[1]  A L Rector,et al.  The GALEN project. , 1994, Computer methods and programs in biomedicine.

[2]  Christiaan J. J. Paredis,et al.  A Port Ontology for Conceptual Design of Systems , 2004, J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng..

[3]  Sanjay Mittal,et al.  Towards a Generic Model of Configuraton Tasks , 1989, IJCAI.

[4]  Tetsuo Tomiyama,et al.  A Synthetic Reasoning Method for Conceptual Design , 1993, Towards World Class Manufacturing.

[5]  Maurice V. Wilkes.  Constraint-type statements in programming languages , 1964, CACM.

[6]  Tetsuo Tomiyama,et al.  A framework for computer-aided conceptual design and its application to system architecting of mechatronics products , 2012, Comput. Aided Des..

[7]  Hideaki Takeda,et al.  Physical concept ontology for the knowledge intensive engineering framework , 2004, Adv. Eng. Informatics.

[8]  Jonathan Cagan,et al.  Creating Breakthrough Products: Innovation from Product Planning to Program Approval , 2001 .

[9]  Kristina Shea,et al.  Automated Assignment of Physical Effects to Functions Using Ports Based on Bond Graphs , 2011 .

[10]  Barbara H. Kwasnik,et al.  The Role of Classification in Knowledge Representation and Discovery , 1999, Libr. Trends.

[11]  Ashok K. Goel,et al.  Understanding Drawings by Compositional Analogy , 2007, IJCAI.

[12]  Henrik Eriksson,et al.  The evolution of Protégé: an environment for knowledge-based systems development , 2003, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[13]  Matthew I. Campbell,et al.  Automating the conceptual design process: “From black box to component selection” , 2010, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing.

[14]  John S. Gero,et al.  The Situated Function - Behaviour - Structure Framework , 2002, AID.

[15]  Simon Szykman,et al.  A functional basis for engineering design: Reconciling and evolving previous efforts , 2002 .

[16]  Peter E. Hart,et al.  Directions for AI in the eighties , 1982, SGAR.

[17]  Daniel Grund,et al.  GrGen: A Fast SPO-Based Graph Rewriting Tool , 2006, ICGT.

[18]  Agnar Aamodt,et al.  Case-Based Reasoning: Foundational Issues, Methodological Variations, and System Approaches , 1994, AI Commun..

[19]  F. Lehmann,et al.  Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence , 1992 .

[20]  Leila Ribeiro,et al.  Towards Object-Oriented Graphs and Grammars , 2003, FMOODS.

[21]  Markus Stumptner,et al.  Special Issue: Configuration , 2003, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing.

[22]  Herbert A. Simon,et al.  The Sciences of the Artificial , 1970 .

[23]  Ralph Young,et al.  The requirements engineering handbook , 2003 .

[24]  Kristina Shea,et al.  A Parallel Grammar for Simulation-Driven Mechanical Design Synthesis , 2005, DAC 2005.

[25]  Jean-Claude Latombe,et al.  GARI: A Problem Solver That Plans How to Machine Mechanical Parts , 1981, IJCAI.

[26]  Mogens Myrup Andreasen,et al.  Integrated Product Development , 1987 .

[27]  Kristina Shea,et al.  From discrete structures to mechanical systems: A framework for creating performance-based parametric synthesis tools , 2003 .

[28]  Ugo Montanari,et al.  Networks of constraints: Fundamental properties and applications to picture processing , 1974, Inf. Sci..

[29]  Sudarsan Rachuri,et al.  Product Information Exchange: Practices and Standards , 2005, J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng..

[30]  Ram D. Sriram.  Intelligent systems for engineering , 1997 .

[31]  Klaus-Dieter Althoff,et al.  Knowledge acquisition in the domain of CNC machining centers: the Moltke approach , 1999 .

[32]  Dean Karnopp,et al.  Introduction to physical system dynamics , 1983 .

[33]  Jan Marco Leimeister,et al.  An empirical exploration of requirements engineering for hybrid products , 2009, ECIS.

[34]  Joshua Lederberg,et al.  DENDRAL: A Case Study of the First Expert System for Scientific Hypothesis Formation , 1993, Artif. Intell..

[35]  Karl T. Ulrich,et al.  Product Design and Development , 1995 .

[36]  Robert Stone,et al.  A Validation Study of an Automated Concept Generator Design Tool , 2006 .

[37]  Rudolf Koller,et al.  Prinziplösungen zur Konstruktion technischer Produkte , 1994 .

[38]  Ken M. Wallace,et al.  A Methodology for Creating Ontologies for Engineering Design , 2007, J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng..

[39]  Ian D. Watson,et al.  An Introduction to Case-Based Reasoning , 1995, UK Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning.

[40]  Amaresh Chakrabarti,et al.  An approach to functional synthesis of solutions in mechanical conceptual design. Part I: Introduction and knowledge representation , 1994 .

[41]  Bill Swartout,et al.  Description-Logic Knowledge Representation System Specification from the KRSS Group of the ARPA Know , 1993 .

[42]  Ian Horrocks,et al.  14 OWL : a Description Logic Based Ontology Language for the Semantic Web , 2006 .

[43]  Kristina Shea,et al.  OBJECT-ORIENTED CONCEPTS FOR COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN SYNTHESIS , 2010 .

[44]  Christoph M. Hoffmann,et al.  Geometric Constraint Solving in Parametric Computer-Aided Design , 2011, J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng..

[45]  Derek Partridge,et al.  The scope and limitations of first generation expert systems , 1987, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[46]  Hans Petter Langtangen,et al.  A Primer on Scientific Programming with Python , 2009 .

[47]  Matthew I. Campbell,et al.  Bond Graph Based Automated Modeling for Computer-Aided Design of Dynamic Systems , 2008 .

[48]  Jonathan Cagan,et al.  A Micro Language: Generating MEMS Resonators by Using a Coupled Form — Function Shape Grammar , 2000 .

[49]  Hideaki Takeda,et al.  Metamodel: A key to intelligent CAD systems , 1989 .

[50]  Marvin Minsky,et al.  A framework for representing knowledge , 1974 .

[51]  Ram D. Sriram,et al.  A web-based system for design artifact modeling , 2000 .

[52]  Christoph M. Hoffmann.  Constraint-Based Computer-Aided Design , 2005, J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng..

[53]  Peter Norvig,et al.  Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach , 1995 .

[54]  Eugene C. Freuder,et al.  Constraint Satisfaction: An Emerging Paradigm , 2006, Handbook of Constraint Programming.

[55]  Steven J. Fenves,et al.  CPM2: A Core Model for Product Data , 2008, J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng..

[56]  Daniel E. Whitney,et al.  Why mechanical design cannot be like VLSI design , 1996 .

[57]  Frank Puppe,et al.  Problemlösungsmethoden in Expertensystemen , 1990 .

[58]  Udo Lindemann,et al.  Konzeptentwicklung und Gestaltung technischer Produkte , 2008 .

[59]  Alan K. Mackworth.  Consistency in Networks of Relations , 1977, Artif. Intell..

[60]  Tetsuo Tomiyama,et al.  A review of function modeling: Approaches and applications , 2008, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing.

[61]  Douglas H. Fisher,et al.  Knowledge Acquisition Via Incremental Conceptual Clustering , 1987, Machine Learning.

[62]  Reiko Heckel,et al.  Algebraic Approaches to Graph Transformation - Part I: Basic Concepts and Double Pushout Approach , 1997, Handbook of Graph Grammars.

[63]  Christiaan J. J. Paredis,et al.  Using Domain Specific Languages to Capture Design Synthesis Knowledge for Model-Based Systems Engineering , 2009 .

[64]  Ralf Küsters,et al.  Extensions to Description Logics , 2003, Description Logic Handbook.

[65]  Marc Thomas Bauer.  Methoden wissensbasierter Systeme , 2005, Künstliche Intell..

[66]  J Glaser,et al.  Separation of Concerns , 2014 .

[67]  Ronald J. Brachman,et al.  An Overview of the KL-ONE Knowledge Representation System , 1985, Cogn. Sci..

[68]  Ho-Won Jung,et al.  Measuring software product quality: a survey of ISO/IEC 9126 , 2004, IEEE Software.

[69]  Stephan Rudolph,et al.  "43" - A Generic Approach for Engineering Design Grammars , 2003 .

[70]  Kristina Shea,et al.  A FRAMEWORK FOR COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN SYNTHESIS BASED ON GRAPH-GRAMMARS AND FUNCTION-BEHAVIOR-STRUCTURE , 2009 .

[71]  Scott Curland Chase,et al.  A Graph Grammar Approach for Structure Synthesis of Mechanisms , 2000 .

[72]  W. Ernst Eder,et al.  Design Engineering: A Manual for Enhanced Creativity , 2007 .

[73]  Stephan Rudolph,et al.  Satellite design by design grammars , 2005 .

[74]  Jonathan Cagan,et al.  Optimal Configuration Design: An Integrated Approach Using Grammars , 1998 .

[75]  Kristina Shea,et al.  A Method and Software Tool for Automated Gearbox Synthesis , 2009, DAC 2009.

[76]  Karl T. Ulrich,et al.  The role of product architecture in the manufacturing firm , 2011 .

[77]  Daniel Sabin,et al.  Product Configuration Frameworks - A Survey , 1998, IEEE Intell. Syst..

[78]  Gerald Jay Sussman,et al.  CONSTRAINTS - A Language for Expressing Almost-Hierarchical Descriptions , 1980, Artif. Intell..

[79]  John S. Gero,et al.  Design Prototypes: A Knowledge Representation Schema for Design , 1990, AI Mag..

[80]  Thomas R. Gruber,et al.  A translation approach to portable ontology specifications , 1993, Knowl. Acquis..

[81]  Jonathan Cagan,et al.  Agent-Based Synthesis of Electromechanical Design Configurations , 2000 .

[82]  George Boolos,et al.  Computability and logic , 1974 .

[83]  P. John Clarkson,et al.  Supporting product architecture design using computational design synthesis with network structure constraints , 2012 .

[84]  Azriel Rosenfeld,et al.  Reduction operations for constraint satisfaction , 1978, Inf. Sci..

[85]  John R. Dixon,et al.  Guiding conceptual design through behavioral reasoning , 1994 .

[86]  Hitoshi Komoto,et al.  Computational Support for System Architecting , 2010 .

[87]  Udo Lindemann,et al.  Managing Cycles in Development Processes - Analysis and Classification of External Context Factors , 2009 .

[88]  J. Gray,et al.  Hybrid powertrain design using a domain-specific modeling environment , 2005, 2005 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.

[89]  Deborah L. McGuinness,et al.  CLASSIC: a structural data model for objects , 1989, SIGMOD '89.

[90]  Arquimedes Canedo,et al.  A Model-Based Functional Modeling and Library Approach for Mechatronic Systems in SysML , 2012 .

[91]  Kristina Shea,et al.  Computational Synthesis of Product Architectures Based on Object-Oriented Graph Grammars , 2012 .

[92]  Udo Lindemann,et al.  Analysis of Hybrid Vehicle Architectures using Multiple Domain Matrices , 2008 .

[93]  Rob H. Bracewell,et al.  CaeDRe: A product platform to support creation and evaluation of advanced computer aided engineering tools , 2001 .

[94]  Ian Horrocks,et al.  Implementation and Optimization Techniques , 2003, Description Logic Handbook.

[95]  Rob H. Bracewell,et al.  Some reflections on ontologies in engineering domain , 2008 .

[96]  Ivar Jacobson,et al.  Object-Oriented Software Engineering , 1991, TOOLS.

[97]  William J. Mitchell,et al.  The Palladian Grammar , 1978 .

[98]  Jay Patel,et al.  An Approach to Automate and Optimize Concept Generation of Sheet Metal Parts by Topological and Parametric Decoupling , 2010 .

[99]  Kristina Shea,et al.  Towards integrated performance-driven generative design tools , 2004 .

[100]  Jens Frøslev Christensen,et al.  Dynamics of Industry and Innovation: Organizations, Networks and Systems Withering Core Competency for the Large Corporation in an Open Innovation World? Withering Core Competency for the Large Corporation in an Open Innovation World? , 2022 .

[101]  Pj Clarkson,et al.  An introduction to the Cambridge advanced modeller , 2010 .

[102]  Allen Fuhs,et al.  Hybrid Vehicles : and the Future of Personal Transportation , 2008 .

[103]  Yasushi Umeda,et al.  FBS Modeling : Modeling Scheme of Function for Conceptual Design , 2003 .

[104]  S. G. Axline,et al.  Computer-based consultations in clinical therapeutics: explanation and rule acquisition capabilities of the MYCIN system. , 1975, Computers and biomedical research, an international journal.

[105]  George Stiny,et al.  Production Systems and Grammars: A Uniform Characterization , 1980 .

[106]  Peter Struss,et al.  Model-Based Systems in the Automotive Industry , 2004, AI Mag..

[107]  Michael Joseph French,et al.  Conceptual Design for Engineers , 1985 .

[108]  Jonathan Cagan,et al.  Computer-Based Design Synthesis Research: An Overview , 2011, J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng..

[109]  Boi Faltings,et al.  Solving Mixed and Conditional Constraint Satisfaction Problems , 2003, Constraints.

[110]  Jonathan Cagan,et al.  A Blend of Different Tastes: The Language of Coffeemakers , 1998 .

[111]  Jonathan Cagan,et al.  A Framework for Computational Design Synthesis: Model and Applications , 2005, J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng..

[112]  Daniele Nardi,et al.  An Introduction to Description Logics , 2003, Description Logic Handbook.

[113]  Werner Nutt,et al.  Basic Description Logics , 2003, Description Logic Handbook.

[114]  Kristina Shea,et al.  A Computational Product Model for Conceptual Design Using SysML , 2009 .

[115]  Singiresu S Rao,et al.  A Comparative Study of Evidence Theories in the Modeling, Analysis, and Design of Engineering Systems , 2013 .

[116]  Kristin L. Wood,et al.  Development of a Functional Basis for Design , 2000 .

[117]  Rudolf Koller,et al.  Konstruktionslehre für den Maschinenbau , 1985 .

[118]  Helen Leemhuis,et al.  Funktionsgetriebene Konstruktion als Grundlage verbesserter Produktentwicklung , 2005 .

[119]  Udo Lindemann,et al.  Structural Complexity Management: An Approach for the Field of Product Design , 2008 .

[120]  Ming Mao,et al.  Neural Network based Constraint Satisfaction in Ontology Mapping , 2008, AAAI.

[121]  Kristina Shea,et al.  Automated Parametric Design Synthesis Using Graph Grammars and Constraint Solving , 2012 .

[122]  H R Lang.  Physical Laws and Effects , 1959 .

[123]  Matthew I. Campbell,et al.  Automated analysis of product disassembly to determine environmental impact , 2009 .

[124]  Jonathan Cagan,et al.  An improved shape annealing algorithm for truss topology , 1995 .

[125]  S. Abdennadher,et al.  Principles of constrain systems and constraint solvers , 2006 .

[126]  George F. Luger,et al.  Source Selection for Analogical Reasoning: An Empirical Approach , 1996, AAAI/IAAI, Vol. 1.

[127]  Udo Lindemann,et al.  Elements and ways of integrated product development education - current and future challenges , 2009 .

[128]  Robert M. Haralick,et al.  The Consistent Labeling Problem: Part I , 1979, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[129]  Warren P. Seering,et al.  THE INFLUENCE OF ARCHITECTURE IN ENGINEERING SYSTEMS , 2004 .

[130]  William J. Clancey,et al.  Heuristic Classification , 1986, Artif. Intell..

[131]  J. Carbonell,et al.  Learning by Analogy: Formulating and Generalizing Plans from Past Experience , 1983 .

[132]  Mary Lou Maher,et al.  KRITIK: An Early Case-Based Design System , 2014 .

[133]  Roman Žavbi,et al.  Synthesis of elementary product concepts based on knowledge twisting , 2010 .

[134]  Matthew I. Campbell,et al.  A Grammar for Function Structures , 2004 .

[135]  Dorian Marjanović,et al.  Grammatical Evolution of Technical Processes , 2009 .

[136]  Albert Zündorf,et al.  Story Diagrams: A New Graph Rewrite Language Based on the Unified Modeling Language and Java , 1998, TAGT.

[137]  T. Kurtoglu,et al.  A GRAPH GRAMMAR BASED FRAMEWORK FOR AUTOMATED CONCEPT GENERATION , 2006 .

[138]  Udo Lindemann,et al.  COMPATIBILITY MATRIX METHODOLOGY APPLIED TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF VEHICLE ARCHITECTURES AND DESIGN REQUIREMENTS , 2010 .

[139]  E. W. Elcock.  Absys: The First Logic Programming Language - A Retrospective and a Commentary , 1990, J. Log. Program..

[140]  Jerzy W. Rozenblit,et al.  Integrated knowledge representation and management in simulation-based design generation , 1992 .

[141]  Kristin L. Wood,et al.  A heuristic method for identifying modules for product architectures , 2000 .