Recent synthetic transport systems.

This critical review covers progress with synthetic transport systems, particularly ion channels and pores, between January 2006 and December 2009 in a comprehensive manner. This is the third part of a series launched in the year 2000, covering a rich collection of structural and functional motifs that should appeal to a broad audience of non-specialists, including to organic, biological, supramolecular and polymer chemists. Impressive breakthroughs have been achieved over the past four years in part because of a fruitful expansion toward new types of interactions, including metal-organic, π-π, aromatic electron donor-acceptor, anion-π or anion-macrodipole interactions as well as dynamic covalent bonds (169 references).

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[54]  Muhammad Raza Shah,et al.  Synthetic ion channels and pores (2004-2005). , 2006, Chemical Society reviews.

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[61]  Svetlana Litvinchuk,et al.  Synthetic pores with reactive signal amplifiers as artificial tongues. , 2007, Nature materials.

[62]  Wen-Hua Chen,et al.  Molecular umbrella transport: exceptions to the classic size/lipophilicity rule. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

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[71]  G. Prestwich,et al.  Fluorometric detection of inositol phosphates and the activity of their enzymes with synthetic pores: discrimination of IP7 and IP6 and phytate sensing in complex matrices. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[72]  G. Gokel,et al.  Planar bilayer studies reveal multiple conductance states for synthetic anion transporters. , 2006, Organic & biomolecular chemistry.

[73]  S. Gellman,et al.  Mimicry of antimicrobial host-defense peptides by random copolymers. , 2007, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[74]  Chih‐Wei Hu,et al.  Solid-phase synthesis of oligoester ion channels. , 2006, Journal of Organic Chemistry.

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[77]  Philip A. Gale,et al.  meso-octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole: an old yet new transmembrane ion-pair transporter. , 2008, Chemical communications.

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[92]  S. Nguyen,et al.  Polymer-caged lipsomes: a pH-responsive delivery system with high stability. , 2007, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[93]  G. Gokel,et al.  Carboxylate anion diminishes chloride transport through a synthetic, self-assembled transmembrane pore. , 2008, Chemistry.

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[100]  Jeffery T. Davis,et al.  A unimolecular G-quadruplex that functions as a synthetic transmembrane Na+ transporter. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

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[128]  G. Gokel,et al.  NMR structure and dynamic studies of an anion-binding, channel-forming heptapeptide. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[129]  W. DeGrado,et al.  De novo design and in vivo activity of conformationally restrained antimicrobial arylamide foldamers , 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[130]  G. Bifulco,et al.  Size-dependent cation transport by cyclic alpha-peptoid ion carriers. , 2009, Organic & biomolecular chemistry.

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[133]  Jeffery T. Davis,et al.  Chloride anion transport and copper-mediated DNA cleavage by C-ring functionalized prodigiosenes. , 2007, Chemical communications.

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[137]  G. Wong,et al.  Divalent metal ion triggered activity of a synthetic antimicrobial in cardiolipin membranes. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[138]  G. Gokel,et al.  Chloride ion efflux from liposomes is controlled by sidechains in a channel-forming heptapeptide. , 2006, Chemical communications.

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[144]  N. Madhavan,et al.  Increasing pH Causes Faster Anion‐ and Cation‐Transport Rates through a Synthetic Ion Channel , 2007, Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology.

[145]  S. Bhattacharya,et al.  Advances in gene delivery through molecular design of cationic lipids. , 2009, Chemical communications.

[146]  M. Allen,et al.  Artificial transmembrane ion channels from commercial surfactants. , 2007, Chemical communications.

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[148]  K. Kuroda,et al.  Chemical structure of cationic groups in amphiphilic polymethacrylates modulates the antimicrobial and hemolytic activities. , 2009, Biomacromolecules.

[149]  Y. Ishitsuka,et al.  Amphiphilic poly(phenyleneethynylene)s can mimic antimicrobial peptide membrane disordering effect by membrane insertion. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[150]  S. Matile,et al.  Boronic acid converters for reactive hydrazide amplifiers: polyphenol sensing in green tea with synthetic pores. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[151]  Svetlana Litvinchuk,et al.  Adhesive pi-clamping within synthetic multifunctional pores. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

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