Treatment Trials Of Parasites Of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and SeaBream (Sparus Aurata) in Turkey

With over 8300 km of coastline and 25 million square hectares of useably sea, Turkey has particularly bright future in aquaculture. Interest has centred on two major species sea bream, sea bass, Those are most favourable have been the Aegean and Western Mediterranean coasts. Sea bass and sea bream pruducts have reached to 75,000 tons in Turkey. The gradually increase of this production of fish resulted in serious pathological problems in all countries where intensive aquaculture is practiced. Thus, focus has been placed on fish diseases in these enterprises and their economic and ecological impact. Especially, parasitical diseases have become increasingly visible during the latest decades in connection with the development of aquacultural industries troughout the world. In this study, various studies were carried out in different time about parasites of cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) in Turkey and their treatment were investigated. Different species such as Trichodina spp., Costia spp., Amyloodinium ocellatum, Furnestinia echeneis, Microcotyle chrysophrii, Diplectanum aequans, Caligus minimus, Lernanthropus kroyeri and Ceratothoa oestroides were reported on the gills of sea bream and sea bass in these studies. In this review, the parasites observed on sea bass and sea bream, and their epizootiology, clinical signs, pathogenicity of the parasites and their treatment were given, separately.

[1]  D. A. Robertson.  A Review of Ichthyobodo Necator (Henneguy, 1883) An Important and Damaging Fish Parasite , 2019, Recent Advances in Aquaculture.

[2]  A. Sitjà-Bobadilla,et al.  Experimental transmission of Sparicotyle chrysophrii (Monogenea: Polyopisthocotylea) to gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and histopathology of the infection. , 2009, Folia parasitologica.

[3]  E. Tokşen,et al.  The morphology of Lernanthropus kroyeri van Beneden, 1851 (Copepoda: Lernanthropidae) parasitic on sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L., 1758), from the Aegean Sea, Turkey. , 2008, Turkiye parazitolojii dergisi.

[4]  K. P. Jithendran,et al.  Crustacean parasites and their management in brackishwater fi nfi sh culture , 2008 .

[5]  E. Tokşen.  Lernanthropus kroyeri van Beneden, 1851 (Crustacea: Copepoda) infections of cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) , 2007 .

[6]  M. Fioravanti,et al.  Gill monogeneans in marine fish cultured in Italy: histopathological observations. , 2007 .

[7]  H. Sayğı,et al.  The Effect of Emamectin Benzoate in the Control of Lernanthropus kroyeri (van Beneden, 1851) (Lernanthropidae) Infestations in Cultured Sea Bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) , 2006 .

[8]  F. Athanassopoulou,et al.  Incidence of an intense Caligus minimus Otto 1821, C. pageti Russel, 1925, C. mugilis Brian, 1935 and C. apodus Brian, 1924 infection in lagoon cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) in Greece , 2004 .

[9]  F. Charfi-Cheikhrouha,et al.  Les Cymothoidae (Isopodes parasites de poissons) des côtes tunisiennes: écologie et indices parasitologiques , 2000, Systematic Parasitology.

[10]  E. Tokşen.  The effect of formaldehyde baths on Trichodiniasis of juvenile Sea Bream (Sparus aurata L., 1758). , 2004 .

[11]  P. Álvarez-Pellitero.  Report about fish parasitic diseases , 2004 .

[12]  A. Sitjà-Bobadilla,et al.  Diplectanidae (Monogenea) infestations of sea bass,Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), from the Spanish Mediterranean area , 2004, Parasitology Research.

[13]  G. Oliver.  Effect pathogène de la fixation de Diplectanum aequans (Wagener, 1857) Diesing, 1858 (Monogenea, Monopisthocotylea, Diplectanidae) sur les branchies de Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758), (Pisces, Serranidae) , 2004, Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde.

[14]  I. Mladineo.  Life cycle of Ceratothoa oestroides, a cymothoid isopod parasite from sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax and sea bream Sparus aurata. , 2003, Diseases of aquatic organisms.

[15]  N. Sharp,et al.  Metazoan parasites of yellowtail kingfish, Seriola lalandi lalandi, in New Zealand: Prevalence, intensity, and site preference , 2003 .

[16]  C. Tamaru,et al.  The Application of Hydrogen Peroxide as a Treatment for the Ectoparasite Amyloodinium ocellatum (Brown 1931) on the Pacific Threadfin Polydactylus sexfilis , 2001 .

[17]  E. Noga.  Fish Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment , 2000 .

[18]  Patrick T.K. Woo.  Protozoan and metazoan infections , 1995 .

[19]  F. Padrós,et al.  Proliferative epitheliocystis associated with monogenean infection in juvenile seabream Sparus aurata in the north east of Spain , 1995 .

[20]  S. Hallett,et al.  Experiments on the infection dynamics of Caligus epidemicus (Copepoda: Caligidae) on the small marine fish, Ambassis marianus (Gunther) , 1995 .

[21]  F. Ubeira,et al.  Pharmacological treatments against Ichthyobodo necator (Henneguy, 1883) in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) , 1994 .

[22]  F. Nilsen,et al.  The effect of Nuvan, azamethiphos and hydrogen peroxide on salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) , 1993 .

[23]  Cecchini,et al.  Distribution of Diplectanum aequans (Monogenea) on the gills of intensively reared seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.) , 1992 .

[24]  C. Maillard,et al.  Structure of monogenean populations, ectoparasites of the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata , 1992 .

[25]  J. Landsberg,et al.  Control of the Parasitic Copepod Caligus elongatus on Pond-Reared Red Drum , 1991 .

[26]  C. Maillard,et al.  Biologie comparée du développement et discrimination des Diplectanidae ectoparasites du bar (Teleostei) , 1989 .

[27]  B. Whitaker,et al.  Copper Treatments: Uses and Precautions , 1988 .

[28]  I. Paperna.  Reproduction cycle and tolerance to temperature and salinity of Amyloodinium ocellatum (Brown, 1931) (Dinoflagellida). , 1984, Annales de parasitologie humaine et comparee.

[29]  I. Paperna,et al.  Parasitic infections of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, and gilt head sea bream, Sparus aurata, in mariculture facilities in France , 1979 .

[30]  A. Colorni,et al.  Diseases of Sparus aurata in marine culture at Elat , 1977 .

[31]  L. Pearse.  A note on a marine trichodinid ciliate parasitic on the skin of captive flatfish , 1972 .