Evaluation of volumetry and density of mandibular symphysis bone grafts by three-dimensional computed tomography.

PURPOSE Bone grafting before implant placing can improve the treatment in traumatized or regular implant patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the density and maximum amount of harvestable bone graft in the mandibular symphysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 15 CT-scans were obtained from 15 adult patients (10 male/five female) for the purposes of this study. The CT data, in DICOM format, were read into Mimics software from Materialize (Leuven, Belgium), with a slice thickness of 0.5 mm. The volume, density, and dimensions based on Hounsfield units (HU) were measured on the 3D symphyseal bone graft using Mimics software. RESULTS The average bone volume calculated from the mandibular symphysis was 3491.08 +/- 772.12 mm(3). The average sized corticocancellous block that was measured was 38.75 x 11.05 x 7.80 mm. The mean bone density was 958.95 +/- 98.11 HU. CONCLUSION The use of three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) in combination with a software program is a reliable means of determining the density of graft, evaluating maximal volume and dimensions of the graft that can be harvested from the mandibular symphysis region.

[1]  D. Hemmy,et al.  CT of dry skulls with craniofacial deformities: accuracy of three-dimensional reconstruction. , 1985, Radiology.

[2]  C. Lindh,et al.  Assessment of the trabecular pattern before endosseous implant treatment: diagnostic outcome of periapical radiography in the mandible. , 1996, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[3]  L. Andersson.  Patient self-evaluation of intra-oral bone grafting treatment to the maxillary frontal region. , 2008, Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology.

[4]  A. Vissink,et al.  Morbidity of chin bone harvesting. , 2001, Clinical oral implants research.

[5]  A. Mol,et al.  In vitro cone beam computed tomography imaging of periodontal bone. , 2008, Dento maxillo facial radiology.

[6]  M S Reddy,et al.  Quantitative digital subtraction radiography for the assessment of peri-implant bone change. , 1992, Clinical oral implants research.

[7]  A. Wenzel,et al.  In vitro analysis of the accuracy of subtraction radiography and computed tomography scanning for determination of bone graft volume. , 1998, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[8]  M. Ivanovic,et al.  Comparative dosimetry of dental CBCT devices and 64-slice CT for oral and maxillofacial radiology. , 2008, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[9]  A. Khojasteh,et al.  The anterior palate as a donor site in maxillofacial bone grafting: a quantitative anatomic study. , 2005, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[10]  Ting-Ling Chang,et al.  Three-dimensional morphometric analysis of human cadaver bone: microstructural data from maxilla and mandible. , 2004, Clinical oral implants research.

[11]  D. Buchbinder,et al.  The mandibular symphysis as a donor site in maxillofacial bone grafting: a quantitative anatomic study. , 2000, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[12]  Hyo-sang Park,et al.  Density of the alveolar and basal bones of the maxilla and the mandible. , 2008, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[13]  A L Baert,et al.  CT scan standard reconstruction technique for reliable jaw bone volume determination. , 1990, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[14]  Matthias Bertram,et al.  Soft-tissue contrast resolution within the head of human cadaver by means of flat-detector-based cone-beam CT , 2004, SPIE Medical Imaging.

[15]  J. Glowacki,et al.  The roles of revascularization and resorption on endurance of craniofacial onlay bone grafts in the rabbit. , 1994, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[16]  G J Cisneros,et al.  The accuracy of measurements of three-dimensional computed tomography reconstructions. , 1996, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[17]  L A Whitaker,et al.  The effect of rigid fixation on the survival of onlay bone grafts: an experimental study. , 1990, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[18]  B A Rahn,et al.  Fixation Effects on Membranous and Endochondral Onlay Bone‐Graft Resorption , 1988, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[19]  M. Güngörmüş,et al.  Evaluation of the Mandible as an Alternative Autogenous Bone Source for Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction , 2002, The Journal of international medical research.

[20]  M. Hans,et al.  Influence of CBCT exposure conditions on radiation dose. , 2008, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[21]  C. Lindh,et al.  Assessments of trabecular bone density at implant sites on CT images. , 2008, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[22]  E V Staab,et al.  A method for three-dimensional image reformation for quantitative cephalometric analysis. , 1989, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[23]  N L Frederiksen,et al.  Diagnostic imaging in dental implantology. , 1995, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[24]  I. Turkyilmaz,et al.  Assessment of correlation between computerized tomography values of the bone, and maximum torque and resonance frequency values at dental implant placement. , 2006, Journal of oral rehabilitation.

[25]  B. Kusnoto,et al.  Risks and complications of orthodontic miniscrews. , 2007, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[26]  M. Abramson,et al.  Membranous vs Endochondral Bone Autografts , 1974 .

[27]  S. Mukherji,et al.  Conebeam CT of the Head and Neck, Part 1: Physical Principles , 2009, American Journal of Neuroradiology.