A Fiber Bragg Grating Interrogation System with Self-Adaption Threshold Peak Detection Algorithm

A Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) interrogation system with a self-adaption threshold peak detection algorithm is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this study. This system is composed of a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and advanced RISC machine (ARM) platform, tunable Fabry–Perot (F–P) filter and optical switch. To improve system resolution, the F–P filter was employed. As this filter is non-linear, this causes the shifting of central wavelengths with the deviation compensated by the parts of the circuit. Time-division multiplexing (TDM) of FBG sensors is achieved by an optical switch, with the system able to realize the combination of 256 FBG sensors. The wavelength scanning speed of 800 Hz can be achieved by a FPGA+ARM platform. In addition, a peak detection algorithm based on a self-adaption threshold is designed and the peak recognition rate is 100%. Experiments with different temperatures were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the system. Four FBG sensors were examined in the thermal chamber without stress. When the temperature changed from 0 °C to 100 °C, the degree of linearity between central wavelengths and temperature was about 0.999 with the temperature sensitivity being 10 pm/°C. The static interrogation precision was able to reach 0.5 pm. Through the comparison of different peak detection algorithms and interrogation approaches, the system was verified to have an optimum comprehensive performance in terms of precision, capacity and speed.

[1]  Christos Markos,et al.  Narrow Bandwidth 850-nm Fiber Bragg Gratings in Few-Mode Polymer Optical Fibers , 2011, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[2]  Xiaoyi Bao,et al.  A High-Speed Distributed Ultra-Weak FBG Sensing System With High Resolution , 2017, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[3]  Xue Han,et al.  Diaphragm Based Fiber Bragg Grating Acceleration Sensor with Temperature Compensation , 2017, Sensors.

[4]  Zhiyi Zhang,et al.  A New Fiber-Bragg-Grating Sensor Interrogation System Deploying Free-Spectral-Range-Matching Scheme With High Precision and Fast Detection Rate , 2008, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[5]  Chandan Kumar Jha,et al.  Fiber Bragg grating interrogation using wavelength modulated tunable distributed feedback lasers and a fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer. , 2017, Applied optics.

[6]  Seiji Kojima,et al.  Applications of fiber Bragg grating sensors and high‐speed interrogation techniques , 2005 .

[7]  Juan J. Rodríguez-Andina,et al.  Characterization of FPGA-master ARM communication delays in zynq devices , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT).

[8]  Carlos A. F. Marques,et al.  Low-Cost Interrogation Technique for Dynamic Measurements with FBG-Based Devices , 2017, Sensors.

[9]  Yiming Wang,et al.  Performance Optimization Design for a High-Speed Weak FBG Interrogation System Based on DFB Laser , 2017, Sensors.

[10]  Wenjun Shi,et al.  A New Fiber Bragg Grating Interrogation and Multiplexing Schema Using an F-P Laser Light Source , 2017, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[11]  A. Rodriguez-Barrios,et al.  Real-Time Monitoring of Railway Traffic Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors , 2012, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[12]  B Rose,et al.  Compact multichannel high-resolution micro-electro-mechanical systems-based interrogator for Fiber Bragg grating sensing. , 2017, Applied optics.

[13]  Shengchun Liu,et al.  Real-Time Interrogation Technology for a Large-Scale Fiber-Ring Laser Sensor Array , 2017, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[14]  D. J. Webb,et al.  Aviation Fuel Gauging Sensor Utilizing Multiple Diaphragm Sensors Incorporating Polymer Optical Fiber Bragg Gratings , 2016, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[15]  O. Bang,et al.  Dynamic gate algorithm for multimode fiber Bragg grating sensor systems. , 2015, Applied optics.

[16]  Salvador Sales,et al.  Microwave Photonics Filtering Interrogation Technique Under Coherent Regime For Hot Spot Detection on a Weak FBGs Array , 2018, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[17]  Anand Asundi,et al.  A novel time-division multiplexing fiber Bragg grating sensor interrogator for structural health monitoring , 2009 .

[18]  A. Stefani,et al.  High Sensitivity Polymer Optical Fiber-Bragg-Grating-Based Accelerometer , 2012, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[19]  T. Yoshino,et al.  Fast optical wavelength interrogator employing arrayed waveguide grating for distributed fiber Bragg grating sensors , 2003 .

[20]  T. K. Gangopadhyay,et al.  Fibre Bragg gratings in structural health monitoring—Present status and applications , 2008 .

[21]  Christos Markos,et al.  Zeonex-PMMA microstructured polymer optical FBGs for simultaneous humidity and temperature sensing. , 2017, Optics letters.

[22]  Adrian Bradu,et al.  Optimization of excitation of fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filters used in swept lasers using a phase-correction method. , 2017, Applied optics.

[23]  Sébastien Vergnole,et al.  Experimental validation of an optimized signal processing method to handle non-linearity in swept-source optical coherence tomography. , 2010, Optics express.

[24]  O. Bang,et al.  Performance of low-cost few-mode fiber Bragg grating sensor systems: polarization sensitivity and linearity of temperature and strain response. , 2016, Applied optics.

[25]  Mariusz Krej,et al.  Monitoring Respiration and Cardiac Activity Using Fiber Bragg Grating-Based Sensor , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[26]  Xinguang Chen,et al.  Design and realization of strain measurement system based on FPGA and ARM , 2013, 2013 Fourth International Conference on Intelligent Control and Information Processing (ICICIP).

[27]  Pablo Acedo,et al.  Fast Interrogation of Fiber Bragg Gratings with Electro-Optical Dual Optical Frequency Combs , 2016, Sensors.

[28]  Michael D. Todd,et al.  A novel Bragg grating sensor interrogation system utilizing a scanning filter, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a 3×3 coupler , 2001 .

[29]  Youxi Wang,et al.  Chip-scale demonstration of hybrid III–V/silicon photonic integration for an FBG interrogator , 2017 .

[30]  Hypolito José Kalinowski,et al.  Benchmark for Peak Detection Algorithms in Fiber Bragg Grating Interrogation and a New Neural Network for its Performance Improvement , 2011, Sensors.

[31]  Daniel Pastor,et al.  A Code Division Design Strategy for Multiplexing Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing Networks , 2017, Sensors.

[32]  Zhiyi Zhang,et al.  Interrogating fiber Bragg grating sensors by thermally scanning a demultiplexer based on arrayed waveguide gratings. , 2004, Optics letters.

[33]  Fabrizio Di Pasquale,et al.  Integrated FBG Sensors Interrogation Using Active Phase Demodulation on a Silicon Photonic Platform , 2017, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[34]  Wei Bai,et al.  High-Speed Interrogation for Large-Scale Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing , 2018, Sensors.