Effective elasticity of fractured rocks

Production-related changes in subsurface stress are known to cause velocity variations that can be detected from time-lapse seismic data and may provide valuable information for reservoir surveillance. It has been long recognized that the stresses primarily influence the most compliant part of a rock by preferentially opening or closing the fractures (Walsh, 1965). Therefore, examining wave propagation in fractured formations might give important clues about the stresses acting upon them. As the length of seismic waves is usually much larger than that of the fractures, deformation of cracked rocks can be treated as static.

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