The Duality of XML Markup and Programming Notation

In web projects it is often necessary to mix XML notation and program notation in a single document or program. In mono-lingual situations, the XML notation is either subsumed in the program or the program notation is subsumed in the XML document. As an introduction we analyze XML notation and programming notation in relation to each other. As the main contribution of the paper we describe a number of general issues to consider when subsuming XML in a given programming language.